Appropriate iron supplementation is essential for neonatal growth and development. However, there are few reports on the effects of iron overload on neonatal growth and immune homeostasis. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of iron nutrition on neonatal growth and intestinal immunity by administering different levels of iron to neonatal pigs. We found that iron deficiency and iron overload resulted in slow growth in neonatal pigs. Iron deficiency and iron overload led to down-regulation of jejunum intestinal barrier and antioxidant marker genes, and promoted CD8+ T cell differentiation in jejunum and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of pigs, disrupting intestinal health. Moreover, iron levels altered serum iron and tissue iron status leading to disturbances in redox state, affecting host innate and adaptive immunity. These findings emphasized the effect of iron nutrition on host health and elucidated the importance of iron in regulating redox state and immunity development. This study provided valuable insights into the regulation of redox state and immune function by iron metabolism in early life, thus contributing to the development of targeted interventions and nutritional strategies to optimize iron nutrition in neonates.

中文翻译：

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铁营养对新生猪肠道发育及免疫细胞分化的影响


适当补充铁剂对于新生儿生长发育至关重要。然而，关于铁超负荷对新生儿生长和免疫稳态影响的报道很少。因此，本研究的目的是通过给新生猪施用不同水平的铁来研究铁营养对新生猪生长和肠道免疫的影响。我们发现铁缺乏和铁过量导致新生猪生长缓慢。缺铁和铁超负荷导致猪空肠屏障和抗氧化标记基因下调，促进猪空肠和肠系膜淋巴结（MLN）CD8+ T细胞分化，破坏肠道健康。此外，铁水平改变血清铁和组织铁状态，导致氧化还原状态紊乱，影响宿主先天免疫和适应性免疫。这些发现强调了铁营养对宿主健康的影响，并阐明了铁在调节氧化还原状态和免疫发展中的重要性。这项研究为生命早期铁代谢对氧化还原状态和免疫功能的调节提供了宝贵的见解，从而有助于制定有针对性的干预措施和营养策略，以优化新生儿的铁营养。