This meta-analysis synthesizes experimental studies on the immediate effects of discrimination on mental health, exploring the effects of different paradigms and discrimination types on diverse facets of mental health. We analyzed data from a systematic literature search (73 studies; 12,097 participants; 245 effect sizes) for randomized controlled trials with manipulation of discrimination as a predictor and mental health as an outcome using a three-level random-effects model. Experimentally manipulated discrimination led to poorer mental health (g = -0.30), also after controlling for publication year, region, education level, and methodological quality. Moderator analyses revealed stronger effects for pervasive (g = -0.55) compared to single-event manipulations (g = -0.25) and a trend toward weaker effects for samples with nonmarginalized (g = -0.16) compared to marginalized identities (g = -0.34). Gender and age did not moderate the effect. Discrimination had the largest effects on externalizing (g = -0.66) and distress-related outcomes (g = -0.41); heterosexism (g = -0.66), racism (g = -0.32), and sexism (g = -0.30) had the largest effects on mental health. Convenience sampling compromised generalizability to subgroups and the general population, downgrading methodological quality for all included studies. When interpreting the findings, selective samples (mostly young female adults with higher education), often limited ecological validity, and ethical restrictions of lab-induced discrimination need to be considered. These constraints likely led to conservative estimates of the mental health effects of discrimination in this meta-analysis. Future research should investigate more diverse samples, further explain the heterogeneity of findings, and explore protective factors of the effects of discrimination on mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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歧视对心理健康的直接影响：因果证据的荟萃分析回顾。


本荟萃分析综合了关于歧视对心理健康的直接影响的实验研究，探讨了不同范式和歧视类型对心理健康不同方面的影响。我们分析了来自系统文献检索（73项研究;12,097名受试者;245个效应量）的随机对照试验数据，其中操纵歧视作为预测因子，使用三级随机效应模型将心理健康作为结局。实验操纵的歧视导致心理健康状况较差 （g = -0.30），即使在控制了出版年份、地区、教育水平和方法质量之后也是如此。主持人分析显示，与单事件操作 （g = -0.25） 相比，普遍 （g = -0.55） 的影响更强，与边缘化身份 （g = -0.34） 相比，非边缘化样本 （g = -0.16） 的影响趋弱。性别和年龄并未调节这种影响。歧视对外化 （g = -0.66） 和痛苦相关结果 （g = -0.41） 的影响最大;异性恋 （g = -0.66）、种族主义 （g = -0.32） 和性别歧视 （g = -0.30） 对心理健康的影响最大。方便的抽样损害了对亚组和一般人群的普遍性，降低了所有纳入研究的方法学质量。在解释研究结果时，需要考虑选择性样本（主要是受过高等教育的年轻女性）、通常有限的生态有效性以及实验室诱导的歧视的道德限制。这些限制可能导致本荟萃分析中对歧视对心理健康影响的保守估计。 未来的研究应该调查更多样化的样本，进一步解释研究结果的异质性，并探索歧视对心理健康影响的保护因素。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。