Research from around the world shows that violent crime is spatially clustered in hot spots. A growing body of research shows that place-based changes to the built environment can help reduce violent crime. Increasingly, research summaries imply there are important public health approaches to reduce the hyper-concentration of violence. Past summaries of the effect of place-based changes on violence have focused primarily on their overall effect and have not paid adequate attention to the impact on violent crime within hot spots. Additionally, research summaries seldom delineate what place-based changes actually involve the work of public health departments versus that of housing agencies, redevelopment authorities, street departments, or community-based nonprofits. This review focuses on evidence from experimental and quasi-experimental studies of placed-based changes to the built environment that focus on violent crime hot spots. A narrative review discusses the context of each intervention and assesses their effect sizes on violent crime. Implications for this evidence for public health approaches to reduce violent crime hot spots are considered.

中文翻译：

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减少暴力犯罪热点的基于地点的方法：对公共卫生方法证据的审查


世界各地的研究表明，暴力犯罪在空间上集中在热点地区。越来越多的研究表明，基于地点的建筑环境变化有助于减少暴力犯罪。研究总结越来越多地表明，有重要的公共卫生方法可以减少暴力的过度集中。过去对基于地点的变化对暴力的影响的总结主要集中于其整体影响，而没有充分关注对热点地区暴力犯罪的影响。此外，研究摘要很少描述哪些基于地点的变化实际上涉及公共卫生部门的工作，而不是住房机构、重建当局、街道部门或社区非营利组织的工作。本综述重点关注基于地点的建筑环境变化的实验和准实验研究的证据，重点关注暴力犯罪热点。叙述性评论讨论了每种干预措施的背景，并评估了它们对暴力犯罪的影响大小。我们考虑了这一证据对减少暴力犯罪热点的公共卫生方法的影响。