Airplanes are inevitably subjected to various impact loading conditions in the event of emergency landing. An airplane crash scenario is a complex nonlinear impact event which involves large deformation, material fracture, structural failure, and dynamic contact. The impact response becomes more complicated due to the presence of composite materials, which are becoming the dominated choice for aircraft components. However, the impact damage and failure severity of composite fuselage sections can be effectively alleviated with optimized energy absorbing (EA) design. Accordingly, the crashworthy design of fuselage sections has always remained a top priority to prevent catastrophic structural failure and significant casualties. This paper presents a systematic literature review on the impact response and EA design of composite fuselage structures. Firstly, the typical composite materials such as composite tubes, corrugated composite plates, hybrid composite structures and bio-inspired composite materials are introduced to dissipate the impact kinetic energy during a crash. Then, the analytical models and finite element modeling methods of composite bolted joint structures are described to investigate their impact response and failure mode. The crashworthy design of typical composite fuselage structures including sub-cargo support struts, cabin floor support struts, fuselage frame and cabin floor/fuselage frame connection are described in this paper. Finally, an emphasis is placed on the evaluation criteria of the occupant crash safety and the crashworthy evaluation method of fuselage structures.

中文翻译：

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复合材料机身结构的冲击响应和耐撞设计：概述


飞机在紧急着陆时不可避免地会受到各种冲击载荷条件的影响。飞机失事场景是一种复杂的非线性冲击事件，涉及大变形、材料断裂、结构破坏和动态接触。由于复合材料的存在，冲击响应变得更加复杂，复合材料已成为飞机部件的主要选择。然而，通过优化的能量吸收（EA）设计，可以有效减轻复合材料机身部分的冲击损伤和失效严重程度。因此，机身部分的防撞设计始终是防止灾难性结构故障和重大人员伤亡的首要任务。本文对复合材料机身结构的冲击响应和 EA 设计进行了系统的文献综述。首先，介绍了典型的复合材料，如复合管、波纹复合板、混合复合材料结构和仿生复合材料，以消散碰撞过程中的冲击动能。然后，描述了复合材料螺栓连接结构的分析模型和有限元建模方法，以研究其冲击响应和失效模式。本文介绍了典型复合材料机身结构的耐撞设计，包括副货舱支撑支柱、客舱地板支撑支柱、机身框架以及客舱地板/机身框架连接。最后重点讨论了乘员碰撞安全性评价标准和机身结构耐撞性评价方法。