Crashworthiness is the ability of civil aircraft fuselage structure and internal systems to maximum protect the occupants’ safety in a crash or emergency landing event, and is an important embodiment of the civil aircraft safety, which can determine the occupant survivability to a certain extent. The crashworthiness is dominated by the crash response characteristics of typical fuselage section (including occupant/seat restraint system), and the crashworthiness evaluation mainly includes fuselage structural response evaluation and occupant injury evaluation. Firstly, the crashworthiness requirements are sorted out according to the Airworthiness Standards of transport category airplanes and Special Conditions, and the research work on drop tests and crashworthiness numerical simulation of fuselage section are gathered. Then, the failure of typical skin-stringer-frame structures and fuselage section are analyzed, and the crash safety evaluation criteria are summarized. After that, the impact tolerance of various parts of human (head, neck, thoracic, spine, abdomen, extremity) and the occupant injury evaluation criteria are summarized. In addition, the crashworthiness design principles and design methods of fuselage section are outlined for occupant survivability. Finally, the crashworthiness evaluation under different crash factors and conditions (impact velocity, impact ground, cargo loading and aircraft wing position) are summed up, and the aircraft crashworthiness is comprehensively evaluated through integrating the survivable volume, the retention strength, the occupant injury and the emergency evacuation, and the crashworthiness evaluation process is outlined. This article is intended as a comprehensive literature review of crashworthiness design and evaluation of fuselage structure for occupant survivability.

中文翻译：

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机身结构耐撞设计及乘员生存能力评价综述


耐撞性是指民用航空器机身结构和内部系统在发生坠机或紧急迫降事件时最大限度地保护乘员安全的能力，是民用航空器安全性的重要体现，在一定程度上决定着乘员的生存能力。耐撞性以典型机身截面（包括乘员/座椅约束系统）的碰撞响应特性为主，耐撞性评价主要包括机身结构响应评价和乘员伤害评价。首先，根据运输类飞机适航标准和特殊工况，梳理了耐撞性要求，总结了机身断面跌落试验和耐撞性数值模拟的研究工作。然后，对典型的蒙皮-纵梁-框架结构和机身截面进行了失效分析，总结了碰撞安全评价标准。然后总结了人体各部位（头、颈、胸、脊柱、腹部、四肢）的冲击耐受力和乘员伤害评价标准。此外，还针对乘员生存能力，概述了机身截面的耐撞设计原则和设计方法。最后总结了不同坠毁因素和条件（冲击速度、冲击地面、货物装载和机翼位置）下的耐撞性评价，通过综合生存体积、保持强度、乘员伤害和机翼位置等综合评价飞机的耐撞性。概述了紧急疏散和耐撞性评估过程。 本文旨在对耐撞性设计和机身结构对乘员生存能力的评估进行全面的文献综述。