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[Au23(SR)16]−: A Stepping Stone towards the Rational Design of Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters
Accounts of Materials Research ( IF 14.0 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-08 , DOI: 10.1021/accountsmr.4c00205
Saniya Gratious 1 , Eyyakkandy Nida Nahan 1 , Rongchao Jin 2 , Sukhendu Mandal 1
Affiliation  

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (MNCs) have revolutionized the field of nanoscience and material chemistry with their well-defined structure, quantum confinement effect, and distinctive physicochemical properties. They have opened up new avenues for applications in diverse fields such as biomedicine, renewable energy devices, catalysis, chemical sensing, etc. These metal NCs with a size range of 1–3 nm stand out from the conventional nanoparticles (1–100 nm) due to the quantum confinement effect, which is absent in the polydisperse nanoparticles. Over the past few decades, a populous library of metal NCs with different metals, such as Au, Ag Cu, and their alloys, has been established. Of all these NCs, the molecularly pure [Au23(CHT)16] NC (CHT = S-c-C6H11) is emerging as a potential nanomaterial with a unique structure and properties and is being used as a precursor for various transformation studies. This [Au23(CHT)16] NC has an Au15 bipyramidal kernel, which can be viewed as an Au13 cuboctahedron capped with two hub Au atoms, protected by a pair of trimeric and monomeric staple motifs and four bridging thiolates. This unique structure of [Au23(CHT)16] NC gives rise to interesting properties such as photoluminescence (PL) and catalysis. In this Account, we focus on the recent advances in the methods and types of different structural transformations carried out on the [Au23(CHT)16] NC and their detailed mechanistic insights. These postsynthetic modifications have proven to be efficient strategies to induce structural changes, tune the physicochemical properties, and tailor them for promising applications. We have divided the transformation chemistry of [Au23(CHT)16] NC into three sections. In the first section, we discuss various types of metal-exchange-induced transformation reactions carried out on the [Au23(CHT)16] NC with different heterometal ions to achieve bimetallic NCs with various degrees of alloying and multiple alloying sites, whereas the second section deals with the various ligand-exchange-induced transformation reactions of [Au23(CHT)16] NC, exploring the intriguing ligand effects on the NC structure and properties. Transformation reactions under other conditions, such as irradiation, oxidation, reduction, and change of solvent, are discussed in the last section. A detailed investigation into the mechanistic insights is also discussed to illustrate the driving force and other fundamentals of these transformations. Finally, we outline the future perspectives of the deep exploration of the transformation methods of [Au23(CHT)16] NC that can advance the NC research. We hope this Account will prompt the nanoscience community to delve deeper into the fundamentals of the synthetic principles and rational design of metal NCs for broader applications.

中文翻译:


[Au23(SR)16]−: 原子精确金属纳米团簇合理设计的垫脚石



原子精确的金属纳米团簇 (MNC) 凭借其明确的结构、量子限制效应和独特的物理化学性质,彻底改变了纳米科学和材料化学领域。它们为生物医学、可再生能源设备、催化、化学传感等不同领域的应用开辟了新的途径。这些尺寸范围为 1-3 nm 的金属 NC 从传统的纳米颗粒 (1-100 nm) 中脱颖而出,因为量子限制效应在多分散纳米颗粒中是不存在的。在过去的几十年里,已经建立了一个由不同金属(如 Au、Ag Cu 及其合金)组成的大量金属 NC 库。在所有这些 NC 中,分子纯 [Au23(CHT)16] NC (CHT = S-c-C 6H11) 正在成为一种具有独特结构和性质的潜在纳米材料,并被用作各种转化研究的前体。这个 [Au23(CHT)16] NC 有一个 Au15 双锥核,可以看作是一个 Au13 立方八面体,上面覆盖着两个中心 Au 原子,由一对三聚体和单体主基序以及四个桥接硫代盐保护。[Au23(CHT)16] NC 的这种独特结构产生了有趣的特性,例如光致发光 (PL) 和催化。在这篇叙述中,我们重点介绍了在 [Au23(CHT)16] NC 上进行的不同结构转变的方法和类型的最新进展,以及它们详细的机械见解。 这些合成后修饰已被证明是诱导结构变化、调整物理化学性质并为有前途的应用进行调整的有效策略。我们将 [Au23(CHT)16] NC 的转化化学分为三个部分。在第一部分中,我们讨论了在具有不同杂金属离子的 [Au23(CHT)16] NC 上进行的各种类型的金属交换诱导的转化反应,以获得具有不同合金化程度和多个合金化位点的双金属 NC,而第二部分讨论了 [Au23(CHT)16]- 的各种配体交换诱导的转化反应NC,探索有趣的配体对 NC 结构和特性的影响。上一节讨论了其他条件下的转化反应,例如辐照、氧化、还原和溶剂的变化。还讨论了对机制见解的详细调查,以说明这些转换的驱动力和其他基本原理。最后,我们概述了深入探索 [Au23(CHT)16] NC 转化方法的未来前景,这些方法可以推进 NC 研究。我们希望本报告能促使纳米科学界更深入地研究金属 NC 的合成原理和合理设计的基本原理,以用于更广泛的应用。
更新日期:2024-08-08
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