Pavlovian conditioning is widely used to study the substrates of learning and memory in the mammalian brain. In a standard protocol, subjects are exposed to pairings of a conditioned stimulus (CS; e.g., a tone) with an unconditioned stimulus (US; e.g., an electric shock). Subsequent presentations of the CS elicit a range of behaviors that relate to the US (e.g., freezing) showing that animals learned the CS-US relation. However, it is still unclear how neuronal activity pertaining to the CS comes to excite a representation of the US, and thereby, conditioned responses. The current analysis of this problem, based on neurophysiological evidence, views Pavlovian conditioning as a process of facilitating the disinhibition, rather than the excitation, of neuronal responses representing the US. Conversely, Pavlovian extinction is viewed as a process of relearning to inhibit neuronal responses representing the US. We propose a mathematical equation that confirms the predictions made by this novel perspective on Pavlovian conditioning when applied to conditioning phenomena that fall beyond classic associative learning theories. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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条件反应的去抑制（DACR）。


巴甫洛夫条件反射被广泛用于研究哺乳动物大脑学习和记忆的基础。在标准方案中，受试者暴露于条件刺激（CS；例如音调）与非条件刺激（US；例如电击）的配对。随后的 CS 演示引发了一系列与 US 相关的行为（例如冻结），表明动物了解了 CS-US 关系。然而，目前尚不清楚与 CS 相关的神经元活动如何激发美国的代表，从而激发条件反应。目前对这个问题的分析基于神经生理学证据，将巴甫洛夫条件反射视为促进代表美国的神经元反应去抑制而不是兴奋的过程。相反，巴甫洛夫灭绝被视为重新学习抑制代表美国的神经元反应的过程。我们提出了一个数学方程，该方程证实了巴甫洛夫条件作用的新视角在应用于超出经典联想学习理论范围的条件作用现象时所做的预测。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。