Recent efforts in a range of scientific fields have emphasised research and methods concerning individual differences and individualisation. This article brings together various scientific disciplines—ecology, evolution, and animal behaviour; medicine and psychiatry; public health and sport/exercise science; sociology; psychology; economics and management science—and presents their research on individualisation. We then clarify the concept of individualisation as it appears in the disciplinary casework by distinguishing three kinds of individualisation studied in and across these disciplines: Individualisation_ONE as creating/changing individual differences (the process that generates differences between individuals: intrapopulation or intraspecific variation/heterogeneity); Individualisation_TWO as individualising applications (the tailoring or customising of something—information, treatment, a product or service, etc.—for an individual or specific group of individuals); and Individualisation_THREE as social changes influencing autonomy, risk, and responsibilities (the process discussed under the rubric of sociological individualisation theory). Moreover, we analyse conceptual links between individualisation and individuality, and characterise different sorts of individuality that the disciplines study. This paper aims to promote interdisciplinary research concerning individualisation by establishing a common conceptual-theoretical basis, while leaving room for disciplinary differences.

最近在一系列科学领域的努力都强调有关个体差异和个体化的研究和方法。本文汇集了各种科学学科——生态学、进化论和动物行为学；医学和精神病学；公共卫生和体育/运动科学；社会学;心理学;经济学和管理科学——并介绍了他们对个性化的研究。然后，我们通过区分这些学科中和跨学科研究的三种个体化来澄清学科案例中出现的个体化概念： 个体化_ONE作为创造/改变个体差异（在个体之间产生差异的过程：群体内或种内变异/异质性）；个性化_二作为个性化应用程序（为个人或特定群体量身定制信息、治疗、产品或服务等）；个体化_三是影响自主性、风险和责任的社会变革（在社会学个体化理论的标题下讨论的过程）。此外，我们分析了个性化和个性之间的概念联系，并描述了学科研究的不同类型的个性。本文旨在通过建立共同的概念理论基础，同时为学科差异留出空间，促进有关个体化的跨学科研究。