Little is known about the labor market consequences of becoming a grandparent. We estimate grandparenthood effects on labor supply and earnings using detailed multigenerational data from Danish population registers. Results show that the consequences of grandparenthood are unequally distributed and starkly patterned. Becoming a grandparent reduces hours worked and income, especially for grandmothers, more so when the grandchild is born to a daughter, and most when the grandmother’s daughter gives birth as a teenager. Grandfathers also experience a reduction in hours worked (but not income) from their daughter’s teen birth, but the reduction is much smaller than among grandmothers. The effects of a daughter’s teen birth are further amplified for low-income grandmothers. Our results imply that childbearing has multigenerational consequences that are structured by gendered caregiving, the caregiving needs of the parent generation, and the delegating capacity of the grandparent generation.

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人们对成为祖父母对劳动力市场的影响知之甚少。我们使用丹麦人口登记册中详细的多代数据来估计祖父母身份对劳动力供应和收入的影响。结果表明，祖父母身份的后果分布不均，且模式明显。成为祖父母会减少工作时间和收入，尤其是对祖母来说，当孙子生下女儿时更是如此，尤其是当祖母的女儿十几岁时出生时。祖父们也会因女儿十几岁的出生而减少工作时间（但不是收入），但减少幅度比祖母小得多。对于低收入的祖母来说，女儿十几岁出生的影响进一步放大。我们的研究结果表明，生育会对多代人产生影响，这些影响是由性别照顾、父母一代的照顾需求以及祖父母一代的委托能力构成的。

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