European integration has been promoted, shaped and criticised by a variety of actors in different frameworks since 1945. Non-state actors such as employers’ associations became involved in this process very early on and, contrary to the widespread assumption in political science, created or revived transnational business associations in order to debate and shape the development of European integration from the second half of the 1940s. One of these platforms was the Council of European Industrial Federations (CEIF), which was founded in 1949 and consisted of representatives of all the national peak employers’ associations from the member states of the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC). It officially advised the OEEC and represented European industry. The article analyses transnational business associations’ conflictual engagement with European integration and ‘Europe’ on the basis of the CEIF's Europeanisation process in the 1950s. It argues that contestation acted as a main driver of Europeanisation and that the early period of European integration must be understood as one of fights over different ‘Europes’. However, it also shows that ‘Europe’ must be understood as a fluid category that was used in various ways and imbued with a range of meanings by economic actors in different circumstances.

中文翻译：

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跨国辩论欧洲：欧洲工业联合会理事会和欧洲一体化斗争，1950-1962


自 1945 年以来，欧洲一体化一直受到不同框架内的各种行为者的推动、塑造和批评。雇主协会等非国家行为者很早就参与了这一进程，并且与政治学中的普遍假设相反，他们创建了或自 20 世纪 40 年代后半叶起，复兴了跨国商业协会，以讨论和塑造欧洲一体化的发展。其中一个平台是欧洲工业联合会理事会（CEIF），该理事会成立于1949年，由欧洲经济合作组织（OEEC）成员国所有国家顶级雇主协会的代表组成。它为 OEEC 提供正式建议并代表欧洲工业。本文以 20 世纪 50 年代 CEIF 的欧洲化进程为基础，分析了跨国商业协会与欧洲一体化和“欧洲”的冲突参与。它认为，竞争是欧洲化的主要驱动力，欧洲一体化的早期阶段必须被理解为针对不同“欧洲”的斗争之一。然而，它也表明，“欧洲”必须被理解为一个流动的类别，经济参与者在不同情况下以各种方式使用并赋予一系列含义。