We introduce the concept of “metajudgment” to provide a framework for understanding folk standards people use to navigate everyday decisions. Defined as a set of metatheories and beliefs about different types of judgment, metajudgment serves as the guiding principle behind the selection and application of reasoning strategies in various contexts. We review emerging studies on metajudgment to identify common dimensions, such as intuition versus deliberative reasoning and rationality versus reasonableness. These dimensions are examined across multiple societies. The reviewed findings illuminate an apparent paradox: Universal adaptive challenges produce largely consistent folk standards of judgment across cultures, whereas situational demands drive systematic within-person variability. Metajudgment offers a comprehensive framework for understanding diverse reasoning patterns in individual and cross-cultural contexts, calling for greater attention to the ecologically sensitive study of within-person judgmental variability.

中文翻译：

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元判断：关于跨社会良好判断的元理论和信念


我们引入“元判断”的概念，为理解人们用来指导日常决策的民间标准提供一个框架。元判断被定义为一组关于不同类型判断的元理论和信念，是各种背景下推理策略选择和应用的指导原则。我们回顾了关于元判断的新兴研究，以确定共同的维度，例如直觉与深思熟虑的推理以及理性与合理性。这些维度在多个社会中得到检验。审查的结果揭示了一个明显的悖论：普遍的适应性挑战产生了跨文化的基本一致的民间判断标准，而情境需求则驱动了系统性的人体内变异。元判断为理解个人和跨文化背景下的多样化推理模式提供了一个全面的框架，呼吁更多地关注对人内判断变异性的生态敏感研究。