Space observatories utilizing micro pore optics (MPOs) have been used and are planned for several future X-ray astronomy space missions. The optical systems are designed to facilitate the focusing of incoming photons onto the focal plane of telescopes. Unfortunately, as well as having a small solid angle “open” to the sky, MPOs also have the unintentional effect of focusing high-energy particles from the space radiation environment. This causes additional radiation damage to mission-critical imaging sensors with solar energetic particles being particularly focusable. Typically, processes such as sectoral analysis are used to estimate the predicted dose to components, which is a ray tracing approach, and does not include focusing effects. We investigated focused dose estimation techniques for MPOs using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The focused dose contribution was compared with the unfocused contribution for the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer mission. The unfocused dose estimates were calculated using a traditional sectoral shielding analysis. The Monte Carlo-focused dose simulations enabled dose mapping over the image sensor to be analyzed. This revealed a relatively uniform dose across the device with some focusing artifacts present. The simulations also showed that the total ionizing dose and total non-ionizing dose decreased with depth into the sensor from the entrance window. This is key when considering that charge is often stored at varying depths in imaging devices across different technologies, for example, in front or back illuminated devices.

中文翻译：

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粒子通过和微孔光学聚焦对辐射损伤估计的影响


利用微孔光学器件 (MPO) 的空间观测站已被用于并计划用于未来的多项 X 射线天文学空间任务。光学系统的设计有助于将入射光子聚焦到望远镜的焦平面上。不幸的是，除了具有向天空“开放”的小立体角之外，MPO 还具有聚焦来自空间辐射环境的高能粒子的无意效果。这会对任务关键型成像传感器造成额外的辐射损坏，其中太阳能高能粒子特别容易聚焦。通常，诸如扇形分析之类的过程用于估计组件的预测剂量，这是一种射线追踪方法，并且不包括聚焦效应。我们使用蒙特卡罗 (MC) 模拟研究了 MPO 的集中剂量估计技术。将太阳风磁层电离层链接探索者任务的聚焦剂量贡献与非聚焦剂量贡献进行了比较。使用传统的扇形屏蔽分析计算非聚焦剂量估计值。蒙特卡罗聚焦剂量模拟能够分析图像传感器上的剂量映射。这表明整个设备的剂量相对均匀，存在一些聚焦伪影。模拟还表明，总电离剂量和总非电离剂量随着从入口窗口进入传感器的深度而减少。考虑到电荷通常存储在不同技术的成像设备中的不同深度（例如，在前照式或背照式设备中），这一点至关重要。