[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported online in Psychological Review on Mar 14 2024 (see record 2024-63968-001). Incorrect italic formatting was removed throughout the article, and an unnecessary paragraph of text was removed from the "Levels of Analysis and the Branches of Psychology: What Is Needed for a Complete Explanation of a Behavior or Cognitive System?" section. These were editorial production errors. All versions of this article have been corrected.] Levels of analysis are crucial to the progress of science. They frame the epistemological boundaries of a discipline, chart its explanatory goals, help scientists to avoid needless conflict, and highlight knowledge gaps. Two frameworks in particular, Tinbergen's four questions from biology and Marr's three levels from cognitive science, hold immense potential for psychology. This article proposes ways to integrate the two frameworks and suggests that doing so helps resolve key confusions and unnecessary conflicts in psychology. Integrating these two frameworks clarifies what "mechanism" really means, sheds light on how to test evolutionary hypotheses in psychology, and specifies what is required for a comprehensive explanation of a behavior or cognitive system. Adopting and integrating these two theoretical frameworks has the capacity to spur progress in psychology and to clarify what is needed for a comprehensive science of the mind. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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心理学的分析和解释进展水平：整合生物学和认知科学的框架，以获得更全面的心灵科学。


[更正通知：本文的勘误已于 2024 年 3 月 14 日在《Psychological Review》在线报道（见记录 2024-63968-001）。整篇文章中错误的斜体格式被删除，并且从“分析层次和心理学分支：行为或认知系统的完整解释需要什么？”中删除了不必要的文本段落。部分。这些都是编辑制作错误。本文的所有版本均已更正。] 分析水平对于科学进步至关重要。它们界定了学科的认识论边界，制定了其解释目标，帮助科学家避免不必要的冲突，并强调知识差距。特别是两个框架，丁伯根的生物学四个问题和马尔认知科学的三个层次，对心理学具有巨大的潜力。本文提出了整合这两个框架的方法，并建议这样做有助于解决心理学中的关键困惑和不必要的冲突。整合这两个框架阐明了“机制”的真正含义，阐明了如何检验心理学中的进化假设，并指定了对行为或认知系统进行全面解释所需的内容。采用和整合这两个理论框架能够促进心理学的进步，并阐明全面的心灵科学所需的内容。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。