Water plays a pivotal role in the production of green hydrogen, requiring meticulous management. Approximately 10 L of water are needed to produce one kilogram of hydrogen through electrolysis. Furthermore, roughly 10–20 L per kilogram are required for process cooling. A share of this water consumption is blowdown, which can be recirculated, while water is also generated as a byproduct of energy conversion in fuel cell. Although green hydrogen production via renewable-supplied electrolysis is a crucial focus for sustainable energy systems, its water implications are often overlooked. Understanding and addressing the water-hydrogen nexus as the global energy transition progresses is pivotal for successful green hydrogen deployment. This paper highlights the role of water in green hydrogen production to bridge this gap. Accordingly, it presents a systematic model of water generation, withdrawal, and blowdown cycles in the power-to-gas and gas-to-power processes within a green hydrogen chain system for long-term storage. The primary water intake of the system is saline water treated with a storage-integrated desalination unit. This water-conscious subsystem for seasonal storage based on green hydrogen is then incorporated into the planning process of a hybrid remote and renewable microgrid. The proposed model uses actual environmental data from Qeshm Island in south Iran as a case study. The simulation results and comparisons with previous research show that the proposed model is effective for managing real-world green hydrogen systems, especially in water-scarce regions. Also, the developed model is versatile enough to be used within any other energy system based on green hydrogen.

中文翻译：

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节水型绿色氢气生产和转化，利用远程可再生微电网中的长期存储


水在绿色氢的生产中发挥着关键作用，需要精心管理。通过电解产生一公斤氢气大约需要 10 升水。此外，过程冷却大约需要每公斤 10-20 升。这些水消耗的一部分是排污，可以再循环，而水也是燃料电池能量转换的副产品。尽管通过可再生能源电解生产绿色氢气是可持续能源系统的一个关键焦点，但其对水的影响却常常被忽视。随着全球能源转型的进展，理解和解决水与氢的关系对于成功部署绿色氢至关重要。本文强调了水在绿色氢生产中的作用，以弥补这一差距。因此，它提出了一个用于长期储存的绿色氢链系统中电转气和气转电过程中水的生成、提取和排污循环的系统模型。该系统的主要进水口是经过存储集成海水淡化装置处理的盐水。然后，这种基于绿色氢的季节性存储的节水子系统被纳入混合远程和可再生微电网的规划过程中。所提出的模型使用伊朗南部格什姆岛的实际环境数据作为案例研究。模拟结果以及与先前研究的比较表明，所提出的模型对于管理现实世界的绿色氢系统是有效的，特别是在缺水地区。此外，开发的模型具有足够的通用性，可以在任何其他基于绿色氢的能源系统中使用。