The past few decades have witnessed the rise of immunotherapy for Gastrointestinal (GI) tract cancers. The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), particularly programmed death protein 1 (PD-1) and PD ligand-1 antibodies, has become increasingly pivotal in the treatment of advanced and perioperative GI tract cancers. Currently, anti-PD-1 plus chemotherapy is considered as first-line regimen for unselected advanced gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (G/GEJC), mismatch repair deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC), and advanced esophageal cancer (EC). In addition, the encouraging performance of claudin18.2-redirected chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy in later-line GI tract cancers brings new hope for cell therapy in solid tumour treatment. Nevertheless, immunotherapy for GI tumour remains yet precise, and researchers are dedicated to further maximising and optimising the efficacy. This review summarises the important research, latest progress, and future directions of immunotherapy for GI tract cancers including EC, G/GEJC, and CRC.

中文翻译：

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胃肠道癌症免疫治疗的最新进展


过去几十年见证了胃肠道 （GI） 道癌免疫疗法的兴起。免疫检查点抑制剂 （ICI），特别是程序性死亡蛋白 1 （PD-1） 和 PD 配体-1 抗体，在晚期和围手术期胃肠道癌症的治疗中的作用越来越重要。目前，抗 PD-1 联合化疗被认为是未经选择的晚期胃/胃食管结合部腺癌 （G/GEJC）、错配修复缺陷 （dMMR）/微卫星不稳定性高 （MSI-H） 结直肠癌 （CRC） 和晚期食管癌 （EC） 的一线方案。此外，claudin18.2 重定向的嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞 （CAR-T） 疗法在晚期胃肠道癌症中的令人鼓舞的表现为实体瘤治疗中的细胞疗法带来了新的希望。尽管如此，胃肠道肿瘤的免疫疗法仍然精确，研究人员致力于进一步最大化和优化疗效。本文总结了免疫治疗胃肠道癌症（包括 EC、G/GEJC 和 CRC）的重要研究、最新进展和未来方向。