To investigate epidemiology of and risk factors for laboratory-confirmed mpox during the 2022 outbreak in Nigeria, we enrolled 265 persons with suspected mpox. A total of 163 (61.5%) were confirmed to have mpox; 137 (84.0%) were adults, 112 (68.7%) male, 143 (87.7%) urban/semi-urban dwellers, 12 (7.4%) self-reported gay men, and 3 (1.8%) female sex workers. Significant risk factors for adults were sexual and nonsexual contact with persons who had mpox, as well as risky sexual behavior. For children, risk factors were close contact with an mpox-positive person and prior animal exposure. Odds of being mpox positive were higher for adults with HIV and lower for those co-infected with varicella zoster virus (VZV). No children were HIV-seropositive; odds of being mpox positive were higher for children with VZV infection. Our findings indicate mpox affects primarily adults in Nigeria, partially driven by sexual activity; childhood cases were driven by close contact, animal exposure, and VZV co-infection.

为了调查尼日利亚 2022 年爆发期间实验室确诊的 MPOX 的流行病学和危险因素，我们招募了 265 名疑似 MPOX 患者。共有163人（61.5%）确诊患有mpox； 137 名（84.0%）为成年人，112 名（68.7%）男性，143 名（87.7%）城市/半城市居民，12 名（7.4%）自称男同性恋者，以及 3 名（1.8%）女性性工作者。对于成年人来说，重要的危险因素是与MPOX患者发生性接触和非性接触，以及危险的性行为。对于儿童来说，危险因素是与mpox阳性者密切接触以及之前接触过动物。感染 HIV 的成年人出现 MPOX 阳性的几率较高，而同时感染水痘带状疱疹病毒 (VZV) 的成年人则较低。没有儿童艾滋病毒血清呈阳性；感染水痘带状疱疹病毒的儿童出现 MPOX 阳性的几率较高。我们的研究结果表明，mpox 主要影响尼日利亚的成年人，部分原因是性活动；儿童期病例是由密切接触、动物接触和水痘带状疱疹病毒合并感染引起的。