Despite growing calls to analyse internal migration as a life‐course trajectory, most studies use the last recorded migration based on a dichotomy between migrants and non‐migrants. Leveraging the maturation of longitudinal surveys and methodological advances, this paper establishes the diversity and complexity of individual migration trajectories and their long‐term association with subjective well‐being. We apply sequence and cluster analysis to the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey data to establish the migration trajectories of millennials from the ages of 15–18 to 27–30 based on the timing, frequency, and direction of migration between regions. We then combine data mining techniques, machine learning algorithms and regression analysis to explore the association between internal migration trajectories and economic and social subjective well‐being (SWB). We find that a full third of young adults are repeat migrants split between return migrants, serial onward migrants, and circular migrants. Repeat migrants often exhibit lower levels of life satisfaction. Successive migrations cumulatively shape life satisfaction, as shown by a negative association between serial onward migration and social SWB. Additionally, return migrants are less satisfied with their economic outcomes, particularly when return migration occurs after two consecutive onward migrations or when return migration occurs early in adulthood. Collectively, these results reveal heterogeneity in migration trajectories that are missed when migration is treated as a one‐off event while suggesting that internal migrants operate a trade‐off between social and economic outcomes over the life course.

中文翻译：

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多少动作算太多？澳大利亚青年时期的重复内部移民和主观幸福感


尽管越来越多的人呼吁将国内移民作为生命历程轨迹进行分析，但大多数研究都基于移民和非移民之间的二分法使用最后记录的移民。利用纵向调查的成熟和方法论的进步，本文确定了个人迁移轨迹的多样性和复杂性及其与主观幸福感的长期关联。我们对澳大利亚家庭、收入和劳动力动态 (HILDA) 调查数据进行序列分析和聚类分析，根据移民的时间、频率和方向，建立 15-18 岁至 27-30 岁千禧一代的移民轨迹区域之间。然后，我们结合数据挖掘技术、机器学习算法和回归分析来探索内部迁移轨迹与经济和社会主观幸福感（SWB）之间的关联。我们发现，整整三分之一的年轻人都是重复移民，分为返乡移民、连续移民和循环移民。重复移民的生活满意度往往较低。连续的移民会逐渐影响生活满意度，连续的移民与社会幸福感之间的负相关关系就表明了这一点。此外，返乡移民对其经济成果不太满意，特别是在连续两次继续移徙后返乡或在成年早期返乡时。总的来说，这些结果揭示了当移民被视为一次性事件时所忽略的移民轨迹的异质性，同时表明国内移民在生命历程中在社会和经济结果之间进行权衡。