Inequality is often one-sidedly framed as disadvantage, a practice identified as problematic by empirical research and critical scholarship, as it renders privilege invisible and shapes perceptions of and reactions to inequality. Importantly, inequality can mean differences in positive (e.g., promotions) or negative outcomes (e.g., harassment). Drawing on cognitive processes involved in (group) comparisons and the processing of positive and negative content, we predict that the valence of outcomes moderates the preference for disadvantage (vs. advantage) frames. We coded social media posts on gender inequality (Study 1, n = 1,402) and had participants in an online experiment (Study 2, n = 164) describe gender and sexual orientation inequality in positive and negative outcomes. Confirming hypotheses, people overall used disadvantage frames more, but were more likely to use advantage frames for inequality in positive (compared with negative) outcomes. We discuss theoretical implications for inequality framing research and practical implications for privilege awareness interventions.

中文翻译：

---

谈论特权：将不平等视为优势更有可能导致积极结果的不平等，而不是消极结果的不平等


不平等常常被片面地视为劣势，实证研究和批判学术认为这种做法是有问题的，因为它使特权变得不可见，并塑造了对不平等的看法和反应。重要的是，不平等可能意味着积极（例如晋升）或消极结果（例如骚扰）方面的差异。利用（群体）比较以及正面和负面内容处理中涉及的认知过程，我们预测结果的效价会调节对劣势（相对于优势）框架的偏好。我们对有关性别不平等的社交媒体帖子进行了编码（研究 1，n = 1,402），并让在线实验的参与者（研究 2，n = 164）描述了积极和消极结果中的性别和性取向不平等。证实了假设，人们总体上更多地使用劣势框架，但更有可能在积极（与消极）结果中使用优势框架来不平等。我们讨论不平等框架研究的理论意义和特权意识干预的实际意义。