Aims

Future phosphorus (P) fertilizer availability faces challenges due to limited phosphate rock mines and strict quality regulations regarding Cd contents in phosphate rock. In this study, conventional fertilization was partially substituted with meat bone meal (MBM), sludge (S), and the organo-mineral combination of S plus MBM (SMBM), in a wheat agroecosystem.

Methods

We investigated the impact of fertilization treatments and crop phenological stages on P availability, crop yield, and soil microbial responses. Analysis included enzyme activities, microbial biomass, and the composition of bacterial and fungal communities using metabarcoding. Additionally, we estimated functional genes related to the P cycle through qPCR. Crop yield and nutrient content in plants and soil were also determined.

Results

Replacing traditional fertilization with MBM and SMBM maintained crop yield at levels equivalent to conventional fertilization. S and SMBM produced 70% and 40% (respectively) more bioavailable P compared to conventional treatment (Trad). Significant differences between treatments in soil microbial biomass were observed in the flag leaf stage. S increased in 20% total soil microbial biomass compared to Trad. Crop phenology had a stronger impact on bacterial and fungal communities than fertilization treatments. The use of S enhanced microbial biomass and activity. Yield in both MBM and SMBM plots exhibited no statistically significant differences compared to traditional fertilization.

Conclusion

Organo-mineral fertilization emerges as a sustainable strategy for maintaining crop production while improving soil functionality. Our findings emphasize the primary influence of crop phenology on shaping soil microbial communities and influencing microbial biomass and functionality.

中文翻译：

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小麦物候阶段调节磷肥对植物-土壤微生物相互作用的影响

 目标

由于磷矿矿山有限以及磷矿中镉含量的严格质量规定，未来磷（P）肥料的供应面临挑战。在这项研究中，在小麦农业生态系统中，传统施肥被肉骨粉（MBM）、污泥（S）以及S加肉骨粉（SMBM）的有机矿物质组合部分替代。

 方法

我们研究了施肥处理和作物物候阶段对磷有效性、作物产量和土壤微生物反应的影响。使用元条形码进行的分析包括酶活性、微生物生物量以及细菌和真菌群落的组成。此外，我们通过 qPCR 估计了与 P 循环相关的功能基因。还测定了作物产量以及植物和土壤中的养分含量。

 结果

用MBM和SMBM代替传统施肥使作物产量保持在与传统施肥相当的水平。与传统处理 (Trad) 相比，S 和 SMBM 产生的生物可利用磷分别高出 70% 和 40%。在旗叶期观察到处理间土壤微生物生物量存在显着差异。与传统相比，S 使土壤微生物总生物量增加了 20%。作物物候对细菌和真菌群落的影响比施肥处理更大。 S的使用增强了微生物的生物量和活性。与传统施肥相比，MBM 和 SMBM 地块的产量没有表现出统计学上的显着差异。

 结论

有机矿物施肥成为维持作物生产同时改善土壤功能的可持续策略。我们的研究结果强调了作物物候对塑造土壤微生物群落和影响微生物生物量和功能的主要影响。