Aims

Plant yield, nitrate accumulation risk, and the potential pathogenic microorganism are critical parameters in evaluating soil fertility management. The nitrate content in the soil–plant system is substantially driven by soil abiotic properties and soil and endophytic microorganisms which are also potential resources of plant pathogenicity. This study aimed to quantify the effects of citric acid (CA), alone or with dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), on plant yield, nitrate accumulation risk and potential pathogenicity of soil–plant system.

Methods

Our study contained six treatments: (1) control without CA or nitrification inhibitor (CK); (2) sole DCD application treatment (DCT); (3) sole DMPP application treatment (DMT); (4) sole CA application treatment (CAT); (5) CA + DCD application treatment (CADCT) and (6) CA + DMPP application treatment (CADMT). The nitrate contents, plant yields, and bacterial communities in soil and plant samples were analyzed.

Results

The CA significantly reduced soil nitrate contents by 29.8%. Relative to sole CA application, extra nitrification inhibitor application significantly enhanced plant yields and decreased plant nitrate contents. The exclusive CA application could significantly stimulate the soil Actinobacteriota but reduce the soil pathogenicity, but extra nitrification inhibitors led to higher potential soil pathogenicity.

Conclusions

The single CA application could decrease nitrate accumulation risk and mitigating potential soil pathogenicity damage, while extra nitrification inhibitor application would intensify the performances of CA in decreasing plant nitrate accumulation but potentially enhancing the pathogenic. It deserves to emphasize the consideration of the tradeoffs among plant yield, nitrate accumulation risk, and potential pathogen risk when evaluating the effects of CA and nitrification inhibitors.

中文翻译：

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植物产量、硝酸盐积累风险和潜在病原体之间的权衡：柠檬酸和硝化抑制剂对土壤-植物系统的影响

 目标

植物产量、硝酸盐积累风险和潜在病原微生物是评估土壤肥力管理的关键参数。土壤-植物系统中的硝酸盐含量主要由土壤非生物特性以及土壤和内生微生物驱动，这些微生物也是植物致病性的潜在资源。本研究旨在量化柠檬酸（CA）单独或与双氰胺（DCD）和3, 4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐（DMPP）一起使用对植物产量、硝酸盐积累风险和土壤-植物系统潜在致病性的影响。

 方法

我们的研究包含六种处理：（1）没有CA或硝化抑制剂（CK）的对照； (2)单独DCD应用治疗(DCT)； (3)单独DMPP应用处理(DMT)； (4)单独CA申请处理(CAT)； (5)CA+DCD应用治疗(CADCT)和(6)CA+DMPP应用治疗(CADMT)。分析了土壤和植物样品中的硝酸盐含量、植物产量和细菌群落。

 结果

CA使土壤硝酸盐含量显着降低了29.8%。相对于单独施用CA，额外施用硝化抑制剂显着提高了植物产量并降低了植物硝酸盐含量。单独施用CA可以显着刺激土壤放线菌，但降低土壤致病性，但额外的硝化抑制剂导致潜在的土壤致病性更高。

 结论

单一的CA应用可以降低硝酸盐积累风险并减轻潜在的土壤致病性损害，而额外的硝化抑制剂的应用将增强CA在减少植物硝酸盐积累方面的性能，但可能增强致病性。在评估CA和硝化抑制剂的效果时，值得强调的是要考虑植物产量、硝酸盐积累风险和潜在病原体风险之间的权衡。