The 2023 Mexican Healthy and Sustainable Dietary Guidelines (HSDG 2023) were developed to include all dimensions of sustainability. Here we compare the environmental impact and cost of diets based on the HSDG 2023, current diets and the Mexican-adapted EAT healthy reference diet. Diets following HSDG 2023 are 21% less expensive, require 30% less land to be produced and have 34% less carbon emissions than current diets—particularly in Mexico City and other urban areas with higher prevalence of Westernized diets. This is driven by reduced animal-source food, especially red meat, and ultra-processed foods. In south–rural areas, the water footprint and cost of diets following HSDG 2023 were higher than those of current diets owing to increased intake of nuts, fruits and vegetables not offset by lower meat consumption (which is already close to recommendations). Diet environmental impact and cost could be further reduced with the Mexican-adapted EAT healthy reference diet compared with the HSDG 2023.

2023 年墨西哥健康和可持续膳食指南 (HSDG 2023) 的制定涵盖了可持续性的所有方面。在这里，我们比较了基于 HSDG 2023、当前饮食和墨西哥适应的 EAT 健康参考饮食的饮食对环境的影响和成本。与当前饮食相比，遵循 HSDG 2023 的饮食成本降低 21%，所需生产土地减少 30%，碳排放量减少 34%，尤其是在墨西哥城和其他西化饮食盛行的城市地区。这是由于动物源食品（尤其是红肉）和超加工食品的减少所致。在南方农村地区，遵循 HSDG 2023 的饮食的水足迹和成本高于当前饮食，因为坚果、水果和蔬菜的摄入量增加，但肉类消费量的减少（已经接近建议值）并未抵消这一影响。与 HSDG 2023 相比，墨西哥适应的 EAT 健康参考饮食可以进一步降低饮食环境影响和成本。