Current social-technical and political conditions threaten the integrity of the Amazon biome. Overcoming these lock-ins requires structural transformations away from conventional economies towards ‘socio-bioeconomies’ (SBEs). SBEs are economies based on the sustainable use and restoration of Amazonian ecosystems, as well as Indigenous and rural livelihood systems in the region. They include sustainable eco-tourism as well as diversified production and innovative processing of fruits, nuts, oils, medicines, fish and other products deriving from socio-biodiversity. Using a sustainability transitions perspective, we argue for multi-scalar policy changes to sustain, enhance and scale-out and scale-up SBE initiatives. To nurture niche SBE acitivities, we advocate for improvements in infrastructure, value chains and social organizations. To dismantle structural barriers, we call for an end to harmful subsidies, greater representation of marginalized communities in territorial planning, enhanced rural–urban and intersectoral linkages, international collaboration, shifts in demand, and changes in conservation and production narratives. Policies for SBEs must also use clear definitions, participatory processes and a multi-biome approach to avoid perverse outcomes.

当前的社会技术和政治状况威胁着 Amazon 生物群落的完整性。克服这些锁定需要从传统经济向“社会生物经济”（SBE） 的结构性转变。SBE 是基于可持续利用和恢复亚马逊生态系统以及该地区土著和农村生计系统的经济。这些目标包括可持续的生态旅游，以及水果、坚果、油、药品、鱼类和其他源自社会生物多样性的产品的多元化生产和创新加工。从可持续发展转型的角度出发，我们主张进行多尺度政策变革，以维持、增强、扩大和扩大 SBE 计划。为了培养利基 SBE 活动，我们倡导改善基础设施、价值链和社会组织。为了消除结构性障碍，我们呼吁结束有害的补贴，在领土规划中增加边缘化社区的代表性，加强城乡和跨部门联系，开展国际合作，改变需求，改变保护和生产叙事。SBE 的政策还必须使用明确的定义、参与过程和多生物群落方法，以避免不正当结果。