Currently, little is understood about the role of different anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) pathways and their relative contributions in reducing CH₄ emissions from rice fields. The potential rates of AOM caused by nitrate-, iron-, and sulfate-reduction, as well as the anaerobic methanotrophic (ANME-2d) archaeal absolute abundance and community composition were investigated across varying rice growth periods (tillering, jointing, flowering, and maturing) and soil layers (0–10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 cm). The average potential rate of nitrate-AOM (2.73 nmol ¹³CO₂ g^-1 d^-1) was significantly higher than those of iron- (1.15 nmol ¹³CO₂ g^-1 d^-1) and sulfate-AOM (0.42 nmol ¹³CO₂ g^-1 d^-1) across growth periods and soil layers. The AOM rates in surface soils (0–20 cm) and earlier periods (tillering and jointing) were significantly higher than those in deep soils (20–40 cm) and later periods (flowering and maturing), respectively. Differently, ANME-2d archaeal absolute abundance and community compositions were only significantly affected by soil layers, with the highest absolute abundance in the 10–20 cm layer. The organic carbon content and availability of electron acceptor were the primary factors governing the rates of different AOM pathways and community of ANME-2d archaea. Overall, this study provided the variation in AOM rates driven via multiple electron acceptors and ANME-2d archaeal community across rice growth periods and soil layers, and provided an important scientific basis for precise quantification of AOM as a potential CH₄ sink in rice fields.

目前，人们对不同甲烷厌氧氧化 (AOM) 途径的作用及其在减少稻田 CH ₄排放方面的相对贡献知之甚少。研究了不同水稻生长时期（分蘖、拔节、开花和成熟）和土层（0-10、10-20、20-30 和 30-40 厘米）。硝酸盐-AOM (2.73 nmol ¹³ CO ₂ g ^-1 d ^-1 ) 的平均电位速率显着高于铁- (1.15 nmol ¹³ CO ₂ g ^-1 d ^-1 ) 和硫酸盐-AOM (0.42 nmol ¹³ CO ₂ g ^-1 d ^-1 ) 跨越生长时期和土壤层。表层土壤（0-20 cm）和前期（分蘖和拔节）的 AOM 率分别显着高于深层土壤（20-40 cm）和后期（开花和成熟）的 AOM 率。不同的是，ANME-2d古菌绝对丰度和群落组成仅受土层显着影响，其中10-20 cm层绝对丰度最高。有机碳含量和电子受体的可用性是控制ANME-2d古菌不同AOM途径和群落速率的主要因素。 总体而言，本研究提供了由多个电子受体和ANME-2d古菌群落驱动的水稻生长周期和土层AOM速率的变化，并为精确定量AOM作为稻田潜在CH ₄汇提供了重要的科学依据。