In response to address the climate crisis, there has been a growing focus on substituting conventional refinery-derived products with those derived from biorefineries. The utilization of lipids as primary materials or intermediates for the synthesis of chemicals and fuels, which are integral to the existing chemical and petrochemical industries, is a key step in this transition. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the production of sustainable chemicals (acids and alcohols), biopolymers, and fuels (including gasoline, kerosene, biodiesel, and heavy fuel oil) from lipids derived from terrestrial and algal biomass. The production of chemicals from lipids involves diverse methods, including polymerization, epoxidation, and separation/purification. Additionally, the transformation of lipids into biofuels can be achieved through processes such as catalytic cracking, hydroprocessing, and transesterification. This review also suggests future research directions that further advance the lipid valorization processes, including enhancement of catalyst durability at harsh conditions, development of deoxygenation process with low H consumption, investigation of precise separation of target compounds, increase in lipid accumulation in algal biomass, and development of methods that utilize residues and byproducts generated during lipid extraction and conversion.

中文翻译：

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来自含脂生物质的化学品和燃料：全面探索


为了应对气候危机，人们越来越关注用生物炼制产品替代传统炼制产品。利用脂质作为合成化学品和燃料的主要材料或中间体，是现有化学和石化工业不可或缺的一部分，是这一转变的关键一步。本综述全面概述了从陆地和藻类生物质中提取的脂质生产可持续化学品（酸和醇）、生物聚合物和燃料（包括汽油、煤油、生物柴油和重质燃料油）的情况。从脂质生产化学品涉及多种方法，包括聚合、环氧化和分离/纯化。此外，将脂质转化为生物燃料可以通过催化裂化、加氢处理和酯交换等过程来实现。该综述还提出了进一步推进脂质增值过程的未来研究方向，包括提高恶劣条件下的催化剂耐久性、开发低氢消耗的脱氧工艺、研究目标化合物的精确分离、增加藻类生物质中的脂质积累，以及开发利用脂质提取和转化过程中产生的残留物和副产品的方法。