Xenotransplantation (XTx) presents a potential clinical alternative to the shortage of human organs for transplantation. Before clinical trials occur in the United States, public assessments are crucial to understand potential barriers to acceptance. The purpose of this study was to explore barriers and identify characteristics associated with attitudes toward XTx. A survey assessing demographic characteristics and attitudes toward XTx was distributed to a nationally representative sample of adults aged ≥18 years in the United States. Regression analysis was employed to identify characteristics associated with attitudes toward XTx. Between May 25 and June 14, 2023, 5008 respondents completed the survey. Importantly, half of the respondents expressed low or no knowledge of either transplantation or XTx. Approximately 40% expressed discomfort with receiving a pig organ for themselves or a loved one. Despite a lack of xenotransplant outcome data, 36% were open to experimental XTx if they needed a transplant. However, 57% rated lack of current evidence of success or fear of complications as top concerns. Regression models consistently associated being younger, female, not needing an organ, or being a member of a racial minority group with lower acceptance. This survey is the largest to date exploring public attitudes toward XTx. Despite overall acceptance, concerns persist. Increasing public acceptance is key as the field advances.

中文翻译：

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公众对异种移植的态度：美国的一项全国性调查


异种移植 （XTx） 为人类器官移植短缺提供了一种潜在的临床替代方案。在美国进行临床试验之前，公共评估对于了解接受的潜在障碍至关重要。本研究的目的是探索障碍并确定与对 XTx 的态度相关的特征。一项评估人口统计学特征和对 XTx 态度的调查被分发给美国 ≥18 岁成年人的全国代表性样本。采用回归分析来确定与对 XTx 的态度相关的特征。在 2023 年 5 月 25 日至 6 月 14 日期间，5008 名受访者完成了调查。重要的是，一半的受访者表示对移植或 XTx 知之甚少或一无所知。大约 40% 的人表示对为自己或亲人接受猪器官感到不适。尽管缺乏异种移植结果数据，但 36% 的患者对需要移植的实验性 XTx 持开放态度。然而，57% 的人认为目前缺乏成功证据或担心并发症是首要问题。回归模型始终将年轻、女性、不需要器官或作为少数种族群体的成员与较低的接受度相关联。这项调查是迄今为止规模最大的一次，旨在探讨公众对 XTx 的态度。尽管总体上接受了，但担忧仍然存在。随着该领域的发展，提高公众接受度是关键。