The misuse of antibiotics, such as tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), poses a severe threat to aquatic environments. Adsorption and degradation are effective methods for TC removal. This study developed nitrogen-doped magnetic carbon microspheres (N-FeO@CMSs) using starch and FeO as precursors, with urea as the nitrogen source. Morphology characterization revealed uniform spheres with FeO particles attached. Nitrogen doping increased mesopores and carbon graphitization. Adsorption tests showed that N-FeO@CMSs adsorbed up to 96.43 mg·g of TC, with a removal rate of 0.01445 min. Adding KSO accelerated the rate to 0.1075 min, achieving 98.35 % removal in 20 min. N-FeO@CMSs exhibit exceptional TC removal efficiency, achieving over 73 % removal after 3 cycles. Mechanisms include adsorption and degradation, involving monolayer adsorption and reactive species generation. This novel material demonstrates adsorption, degradation, separation, and reusable capabilities. It has promising potential in removing antibiotics and other pollutants from aqueous environments.

中文翻译：

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氮掺杂磁性碳微球的制备及其对盐酸四环素的吸附和降解性能


盐酸四环素（TC）等抗生素的滥用对水生环境构成严重威胁。吸附和降解是去除TC的有效方法。本研究以淀粉和FeO为前驱体，以尿素为氮源，开发了氮掺杂磁性碳微球（N-FeO@CMSs）。形态表征显示附着有 Fe3O 颗粒的均匀球体。氮掺杂增加了中孔和碳石墨化。吸附测试表明，N-FeO@CMSs对TC的吸附量高达96.43 mg·g，去除率为0.01445 min。添加 KSO 将速率加速至 0.1075 分钟，在 20 分钟内实现 98.35% 的去除率。 N-FeO@CMS 表现出卓越的 TC 去除效率，3 个循环后去除率超过 73%。机制包括吸附和降解，涉及单层吸附和活性物质生成。这种新型材料具有吸附、降解、分离和可重复使用的能力。它在去除水环境中的抗生素和其他污染物方面具有广阔的潜力。