Drip irrigation with alternate use of surface water and groundwater (ADI) has been widely applied in arid regions to relieve the effects of heat stress on crop growth. However, the heat dynamics under ADI are still unclear, especially concerning the impacts of ADI on daily and seasonal fluctuations of soil temperature (). Thus, a two-year experiment was carried out during 2019–2020 in the Jiuzhuang comprehensive saving-water experimental station to continuously monitor soil water content (SWC) and variations. Moreover, the HYDRUS (2D/3D) software was used to simulate fluctuations under various evaluated scenarios involving a) surface water irrigation (SW), b) groundwater water irrigation (GW), c) alternate use of groundwater and surface water irrigation (1G1S), d) two groundwater irrigations and one surface water irrigation (2G1S), and e) three groundwater irrigations and one surface water irrigation (3G1S). The result showed that the HYDRUS (2D/3D) software could precisely simulate soil water content and dynamics under all irrigation treatments, with the root mean square error of 0.01–0.06 cm cm and 1.25–1.57 °C for SWC and in the verification period, respectively. Apparent spatial-temporal differences in diurnal fluctuations under different ADI treatments were found, especially in the 5 cm soil depth. In general, decreased in response to an increase in the frequency of groundwater irrigation. The lowest occurred in the 3G1S treatment under different ADI treatments. The average in both years under 3G1S was 12.2 % lower than under SW and 4.4 % higher than under GW. However, the highest occurred in the 1G1S treatment under different ADI treatments. Average in both years under 1G1S increased by 8.6 % and 15.4 % compared to 2G1S and 3G1S, respectively. Meanwhile, the difference in fluctuations under different ADI treatments during daytime was substantially higher than during nighttime. The largest area (1271.8 cm) of “moderate ” (20–22 ℃) occurred in the 2G1S treatment. Moreover, the longest “optimal ” duration occurred for the 22.5 mm irrigation depth under 2G1S. Therefore, the irrigation depth of 22.5 mm and the 2G1S treatment is recommended as the optimal irrigation strategy in this region.

中文翻译：

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使用 HYDRUS (2D/3D) 评估不同灌溉水源对土壤温度的影响，并考虑水热耦合运动


地表水和地下水交替使用的滴灌（ADI）已在干旱地区广泛应用，以缓解热胁迫对作物生长的影响。然而，ADI 下的热动态仍不清楚，特别是 ADI 对土壤温度日波动和季节波动的影响。为此，2019-2020年在九庄综合节水试验站开展了为期两年的试验，持续监测土壤含水量（SWC）及其变化。此外，使用HYDRUS（2D/3D）软件模拟各种评估情景下的波动，包括​​a）地表水灌溉（SW），b）地下水灌溉（GW），c）地下水和地表水灌溉交替使用（1G1S） )、d) 2 处地下水灌溉和 1 处地表水灌溉 (2G1S)，以及 e) 3 处地下水灌溉和 1 处地表水灌溉 (3G1S)。结果表明，HYDRUS（2D/3D）软件能够精确模拟所有灌溉处理下的土壤含水量和动态，均方根误差为0.01~0.06 cm·cm，SWC和验证期的土壤含水量为1.25~1.57 °C。 ， 分别。不同ADI处理下的日波动存在明显的时空差异，特别是在5 cm土层深度。一般来说，随着地下水灌溉频率的增加而减少。最低发生在不同ADI处理下的3G1S处理中。 3G1S 下这两年的平均值比 SW 下低 12.2%，比 GW 下高 4.4%。然而，最高出现在不同ADI处理下的1G1S处理中。与 2G1S 和 3G1S 相比，1G1S 下两年的平均增长率分别为 8.6% 和 15.4%。 同时，不同ADI处理下白天的波动差异明显高于夜间。最大的“中等”（20-22℃）面积（1271.8cm）出现在2G1S处理中。此外，最长的“最佳”持续时间发生在 2G1S 下 22.5 毫米的灌溉深度。因此，推荐灌水深度22.5 mm、2G1S处理作为该地区的最佳灌溉策略。