Under the assumption that the recent pulsar timing array evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background at nanohertz frequencies is generated by metastable cosmic strings, we analyze the potential of present and future GW observatories for probing the change of particle degrees of freedom caused, e.g., by a supersymmetric (SUSY) extension of the Standard Model (SM). We find that signs of the characteristic doubling of degrees of freedom predicted by SUSY could be detected at Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer even if the masses of the SUSY partner particles are as high as about 104 TeV, far above the reach of any currently envisioned particle collider. We also discuss the detection prospects for the case that some entropy production, e.g. from a late decaying modulus field inducing a temporary matter domination phase in the evolution of the universe, somewhat dilutes the GW spectrum, delaying discovery of the stochastic GW background at LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA. In our analysis we focus on SUSY, but any theory beyond the SM predicting a significant increase of particle degrees of freedom could be probed this way.

中文翻译：

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在引力波天文台探测 SUSY


假设最近的纳赫频率随机引力波（GW）背景的脉冲星计时阵列证据是由亚稳态宇宙弦产生的，我们分析了当前和未来引力波天文台探测所引起的粒子自由度变化的潜力，例如，通过标准模型（SM）的超对称（SUSY）扩展。我们发现，即使 SUSY 伙伴粒子的质量高达约 104 TeV，远高于当前设想的任何粒子的质量，爱因斯坦望远镜和宇宙探索者也可以检测到 SUSY 所预测的特征性双倍自由度的迹象。对撞机。我们还讨论了这种情况的检测前景，即某些熵的产生，例如来自晚衰变模量场，在宇宙演化中引起暂时的物质统治阶段，在一定程度上稀释了引力波谱，延迟了LIGO随机引力波背景的发现。处女座-KAGRA。在我们的分析中，我们关注 SUSY，但任何超出 SM 预测粒子自由度显着增加的理论都可以通过这种方式进行探讨。