This paper reviews the development and state-of-the-art research of attitude control technologies for launch vehicles, as well as the application evaluations of the responsive tolerant control (RTC) technology. First, the control theories and methods related to launch vehicles are classified and surveyed. Although studies in this field are still active, many new methods have not exhibited impressive advantages over a well-tuned gain scheduling-based traditional solution when dealing with a complete rigid–flexible-sloshing model, and few have been adopted for in-flight use. The conservatism in applications stems from the distinctive dynamical characteristics of launch vehicles, which are discussed in detail thereafter. However, as traditional methods also face challenges in meeting the increasing new requirements, an innovative solution, namely RTC, has gradually found its role in robust launch vehicle applications. The RTC differs from the concept of adaptive control in that it has no effect under most conventional operations but responds to certain scenarios in a timely manner, and these scenarios include unmodeled modes, unforeseen disturbances far beyond prescribed limits, and unexpected failures where the fundamental assumptions implied in the feedback control theories or design guidelines are violated. After introducing a practical architecture of RTC, three methods are reviewed and their limitations are analyzed: an adaptive gain and damping adjustment method to deal with unmodeled modes, an angular-acceleration-based active load-relief method to reduce bending moments, and online identification and reconstruction of the command mapping relationship to counter the polarity errors. The RTC introduced in the paper has been validated from an applied and computational domain by flights or simulations with high fidelity, thus effectively improving the robustness and the adaptability of launch vehicles.

中文翻译：

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响应容错控制：一种扩展运载火箭适应性的方法


本文综述了运载火箭姿态控制技术的发展和研究现状，以及响应容错控制（RTC）技术的应用评价。首先对运载火箭相关的控制理论和方法进行了分类和综述。尽管该领域的研究仍然活跃，但在处理完整的刚性-柔性晃动模型时，许多新方法并未表现出比基于精心调整的增益调度的传统解决方案具有令人印象深刻的优势，并且很少被采用用于飞行中使用。应用中的保守性源于运载火箭独特的动力学特性，稍后将对此进行详细讨论。然而，由于传统方法在满足日益增长的新要求方面也面临挑战，一种创新的解决方案，即RTC，逐渐在强大的运载火箭应用中找到了自己的作用。 RTC与自适应控制概念的不同之处在于，它在大多数常规操作下不起作用，但会及时响应某些场景，这些场景包括未建模的模式、远远超出规定限制的不可预见的扰动以及基本假设条件下发生的意外故障。反馈控制理论或设计指南中隐含的内容被违反。在介绍了RTC的实用架构之后，回顾了三种方法并分析了它们的局限性：处理未建模模式的自适应增益和阻尼调整方法、基于角加速度的主动减载方法来减少弯矩以及在线识别重建命令映射关系以对抗极性错误。 论文提出的RTC通过高保真的飞行或仿真从应用和计算领域得到了验证，有效提高了运载火箭的鲁棒性和适应性。