This study introduces a novel method for assessing spatial access to supermarkets in the United States, addressing limitations of the US Department of Agriculture Food Access Research Atlas definition. Our method eliminates the food desert poverty requirement and derives empirical time-based thresholds that reflect a nuanced urban/rural spectrum and regional differences in normative drive times. Using these thresholds, we identify more than 66 million individuals experiencing suboptimal food access, distributed across 30,011 census tracts. Travel time thresholds ranged from 2.93 to 7.17 min (sd = 1.09) in urban blocks, 5.86 to 19.21 min (sd = 1.93) in suburban blocks, 2.68 to 12.98 min (sd = 1.81) in large rural blocks, and 9.74 to 28.13 min (sd = 3.39) in small rural blocks. The shortest thresholds were found in urban centers around New York City, Chicago, and Los Angeles, while the longest were in sparsely populated regions of Northern California, the Southwest, and the Great Plains. Our approach represents a significant methodological advancement in food access research and can be applied to measure variation in geographical access to other community resources and services.

中文翻译：

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使用国家通勤数据根据经验得出、本地响应的出行时间阈值，以实现最佳地理超市访问


本研究介绍了一种评估美国超市空间准入的新方法，解决了美国农业部食品准入研究图集定义的局限性。我们的方法消除了食物沙漠贫困要求，并得出基于经验的时间阈值，反映了规范驾驶时间的细微差别的城市/农村范围和区域差异。利用这些阈值，我们确定了分布在 30,011 个人口普查区的超过 6600 万人的食物获取状况不佳。城市街区的出行时间阈值范围为 2.93 至 7.17 分钟（sd = 1.09），郊区街区为 5.86 至 19.21 分钟（sd = 1.93），大型农村街区为 2.68 至 12.98 分钟（sd = 1.81），以及 9.74 至 28.13 分钟(sd = 3.39) 在农村小街区。最短的阈值出现在纽约市、芝加哥和洛杉矶周围的城市中心，而最长的阈值出现在北加州、西南部和大平原的人口稀少地区。我们的方法代表了食物获取研究方面的重大方法论进步，可用于衡量其他社区资源和服务的地理获取情况的变化。