Variability in thermal tolerance of clutches from different mothers indicates adaptation potential to climate warming in sea turtles,Global Change Biology

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Variability in thermal tolerance of clutches from different mothers indicates adaptation potential to climate warming in sea turtles
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-05 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17447
Camille Kynoch ₁ , Frank V Paladino _{2,

3} , James R Spotila _{2,

4} , Pilar Santidrián Tomillo ₅

Affiliation

The current climate warming is a challenge to biodiversity that could surpass the adaptation capacity of some species. Hence, understanding the means by which populations undergo an increase in their thermal tolerance is critical to assess how they could adapt to climate warming. Specifically, sea turtle populations could respond to increasing temperatures by (1) colonizing new nesting areas, (2) nesting during cooler times of the year, and/or (3) by increasing their thermal tolerance. Differences in thermal tolerance of clutches laid by different females would indicate that populations have the potential to adapt by natural selection. Here, we used exhaustive information on nest temperatures and hatching success of leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) clutches over 14 years to assess the occurrence of individual variability in thermal tolerance among females. We found an effect of temperature, year, and the interaction between female identity and nest temperature on hatching success, indicating that clutches laid by different females exhibited different levels of vulnerability to high temperatures. If thermal tolerance is a heritable trait, individuals with higher thermal tolerances could have greater chances of passing their genes to following generations, increasing their frequency in the population. However, the high rate of failure of clutches at temperatures above 32°C suggests that leatherback turtles are already experiencing extreme heat stress. A proper understanding of mechanisms of adaptation in populations to counteract changes in climate could greatly contribute to future conservation of endangered populations in a rapidly changing world.

中文翻译：

不同母龟的耐热性差异表明海龟对气候变暖的适应潜力

当前的气候变暖对生物多样性构成挑战，可能超出某些物种的适应能力。因此，了解人们如何提高耐热性对于评估他们如何适应气候变暖至关重要。具体来说，海龟种群可以通过（1）在新的筑巢区域定居，（2）在一年中较冷的时间筑巢，和/或（3）通过提高耐热性来应对气温升高。不同雌性产下的幼崽的热耐受性存在差异，这表明种群具有通过自然选择进行适应的潜力。在这里，我们使用了有关棱皮龟巢穴温度和孵化成功率的详尽信息（革皮龟）通过 14 年的观察来评估雌性耐热性个体差异的发生情况。我们发现温度、年份以及雌性身份和巢穴温度之间的相互作用对孵化成功率的影响，表明不同雌性产下的窝对高温表现出不同程度的脆弱性。如果耐热性是一种遗传性状，那么具有较高耐热性的个体可能有更大的机会将其基因传递给后代，从而增加其在种群中的频率。然而，在 32°C 以上的温度下，龟龟的失败率很高，这表明棱皮龟已经经历了极端的热应激。正确理解种群应对气候变化的适应机制，可以极大地有助于未来在快速变化的世界中保护濒临灭绝的种群。

更新日期：2024-08-05

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