Fuel cells are highly efficient green power generation devices that convert chemical energy into electricity. They have great potential for use in transportation, households, and power stations. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) represents a key electrochemical process in fuel cells, significantly impacting energy conversion efficiency. The limitations to further commercialization of fuel cells stem from several fundamental and technical issues, including the slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode and the use of a large number of precious metal catalysts. This paper critically evaluates recent reports on material selection and structural optimization of catalysts, highlighting the successful strategies employed in these studies. Hollow porous catalysts are a highly cost-effective alternative to precious metal catalysts, owing to their significantly lower manufacturing costs and potential structural benefits. The potential for hollow porous materials to replace precious metal catalysts is indicated by their low cost, high specific surface area, potential structural advantages, and abundant surface defects. This text provides a comprehensive understanding of efficient catalyst design and fabrication by reviewing research results on hollow porous materials and structures applied to ORR electrocatalysis. The potential for the continued development of hollow porous catalysts in fuel cells is envisaged.

中文翻译：

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基于空心多孔材料的燃料电池阴极催化剂改善氧还原性能的综述


燃料电池是将化学能转化为电能的高效绿色发电装置。它们在交通、家庭和发电站方面具有巨大的应用潜力。氧还原反应（ORR）是燃料电池中的一个关键电化学过程，显着影响能量转换效率。燃料电池进一步商业化的限制源于几个基本和技术问题，包括阴极缓慢的氧还原反应（ORR）和大量贵金属催化剂的使用。本文批判性地评估了最近关于催化剂材料选择和结构优化的报告，强调了这些研究中采用的成功策略。中空多孔催化剂是贵金属催化剂的一种极具成本效益的替代品，因为其制造成本显着降低且具有潜在的结构优势。中空多孔材料具有成本低、比表面积高、潜在的结构优势和丰富的表面缺陷等特点，具有替代贵金属催化剂的潜力。本文通过回顾应用于 ORR 电催化的中空多孔材料和结构的研究成果，提供了对高效催化剂设计和制造的全面理解。预计燃料电池中空心多孔催化剂的持续发展潜力。