Inadequate nitrogen (N)-fertilisation practices, that fail to consider seasonally variable weather conditions and their impacts on crop yield potential and N-requirements, cause reduced crop N-use efficiency. As a result, both the ecological and economic sustainability of crop production systems are put at risk. The aim of this study was to develop a season-specific crop forecasting approach that allows for a targeted application of N in winter wheat while maintaining farm revenue compared to empirical N-fertilisation practices. The crop forecasts of this study were generated using the process-based crop model SSM in combination with state-of-the-art seasonal ensemble weather forecasts (SEAS5) for the case study region of Eastern Austria. Results from three winter wheat on-farm experiments showed a significant reduction in applied N when implementing a crop forecast-based N-application approach (-43.33 kgN ha^-1, -23.42%) compared to empirical N-application approaches, without compromising revenue from high-quality grain sales. The benefit of this reduced N-application approach was quantified through the economic return to applied N (ERAN). While maintaining revenue, the lower amounts of applied N led to significant benefits of + 30.22% (+ 2.20 € kgN^-1) in ERAN.

氮（N）施肥实践不足，没有考虑季节性变化的天气条件及其对作物产量潜力和氮需求的影响，导致作物氮利用效率降低。结果，作物生产系统的生态和经济可持续性都面临风险。本研究的目的是开发一种特定季节作物预测方法，与经验施氮肥实践相比，该方法允许在冬小麦中有针对性地施氮，同时保持农场收入。本研究的作物预测是使用基于过程的作物模型 SSM 结合奥地利东部案例研究地区最先进的季节性集合天气预报 (SEAS5) 生成的。三个冬小麦田间实验的结果表明，与经验施氮方法相比，实施基于作物预测的施氮方法（-43.33 kgN ha ^-1 , -23.42%）时施氮量显着减少，且不影响收入来自优质粮食的销售。这种减少施氮量方法的好处通过施氮量的经济回报 (ERAN) 进行了量化。在保持收入的同时，较低的施氮量在 ERAN 中带来了 + 30.22% (+ 2.20 € kgN ^-1 ) 的显着效益。