This study offers new insights into the phenomenon of overeducation by showing that the overeducation rates among immigrants and the wage returns of overeducated immigrants are closely linked to their admission classes. The overeducation rate in Denmark is highest among immigrants from countries that became members of the EU after 2003, 61% of whom are overeducated as compared to 24% of natives. Controlling for demographic and educational characteristics, citizens from these new EU countries, as well as reunified family members, refugees, and students, are highly overeducated compared to natives, while this is not the case for citizens from the Nordics and older EU countries, that is, those that joined the EU before 2003. Furthermore, overeducated higher-educated citizens from the Nordics and from older EU countries only suffer minor wage losses, while other admission classes typically earn between 17% and 36% less than if they had work appropriate to their educational levels. For highly educated refugees, the gap is even larger. These results emphasize the importance of the differences in immigrants’ outside options (e.g., wages and living conditions in the home country) and the admission requirements they face. The results also highlight the potential gains for immigrants as well as their host countries of acknowledging immigrants’ educational skills.

中文翻译：

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过度教育如何取决于移民的入学类别？


这项研究通过表明移民的过度教育率和受教育过度的移民的工资回报与他们的入学班级密切相关，为过度教育现象提供了新的见解。丹麦的过度教育率在 2003 年之后成为欧盟成员国的移民中最高，其中 61% 的人受过过度教育，而本地人的这一比例为 24%。控制人口和教育特征后，来自这些新欧盟国家的公民，以及团聚的家庭成员、难民和学生，与当地人相比，受教育程度过高，而来自北欧和老欧盟国家的公民则不然，也就是说，那些在 2003 年之前加入欧盟的人。此外，来自北欧和老欧盟国家的受过过度教育的受过高等教育的公民只会遭受轻微的工资损失，而其他入学类别的收入通常比有适当工作的情况下少 17% 至 36%他们的教育水平。对于受过高等教育的难民来说，差距甚至更大。这些结果强调了移民的外部选择（例如，本国的工资和生活条件）以及他们面临的入学要求差异的重要性。研究结果还凸显了移民及其东道国承认移民教育技能的潜在收益。