OBJECTIVE Whereas studies have documented racial differences in attitudes toward police between White and Black Americans, relatively little is known about the intragroup, gender-based variations among urban Black residents involved in criminal activity (i.e., street-identified men and women). HYPOTHESES We hypothesized Black women would be more likely to believe in police legitimacy and positive intent than men (Hypothesis 1), especially among the younger segment of the sample (Hypothesis 2). We also expected this relationship to be moderated by contact with police (Hypothesis 3) and experiences with victimization (Hypothesis 4). METHOD Using survey data, this Street Participatory Action Research project examined the direct and interactional relationships between gender, age, involuntary police contact, personal victimization, and participants' perceptions of police legitimacy and positive intent. Participants included 515 street-identified Black men (40.4%; n = 208) and women (59.6%; n = 307), ages 18-35 years, from two high-crime neighborhoods in Wilmington, Delaware. RESULTS Women had significantly higher perceptions of police legitimacy than did men (Hypothesis 1). While older participants tended to have lower perceptions that the police behave with positive intent, age did not moderate the relationship between gender and perceptions of police (Hypothesis 2). The relationship between gender and perceptions of positive police intent was moderated by involuntary police contact (Hypothesis 3) and experiences of victimization (Hypothesis 4). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to existing literature, prior involuntary police contact mattered more for street-identified Black women than men in predicting perceptions of police. Experiences of victimization were also more impactful for these perceptions for street-identified Black women than men. Men's perceptions of positive police intent were consistent, regardless of the frequency of police contact, whereas women's favorable perceptions declined with more police contact and victimization experiences, and they eventually became more critical of the police than their male counterparts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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不仅仅是种族？街头黑人男女对警察的看法因性别和年龄而存在组内差异。


目的 尽管研究记录了美国白人和黑人对警察态度的种族差异，但对于参与犯罪活动的城市黑人居民（即街头识别的男性和女性）群体内基于性别的差异知之甚少。假设我们假设黑人女性比男性更有可能相信警察的合法性和积极意图（假设 1），特别是在样本中的年轻群体中（假设 2）。我们还预计这种关系会通过与警察的接触（假设 3）和受害经历（假设 4）来调节。方法 使用调查数据，这个街头参与行动研究项目检查了性别、年龄、警察非自愿接触、个人受害以及参与者对警察合法性和积极意图的看法之间的直接和互动关系。参与者包括 515 名街头黑人男性（40.4%；n = 208）和女性（59.6%；n = 307），年龄在 18-35 岁之间，来自特拉华州威尔明顿的两个高犯罪率社区。结果 女性对警察合法性的认知明显高于男性（假设 1）。虽然年龄较大的参与者往往对警察的行为具有积极意图的看法较低，但年龄并没有调节性别和对警察的看法之间的关系（假设2）。性别与警察积极意图认知之间的关系受到非自愿警察接触（假设 3）和受害经历（假设 4）的调节。结论与现有文献相反，在预测对警察的看法方面，先前的非自愿警察接触对于街头黑人女性比男性更重要。 与男性相比，受害经历对街头黑人女性的这些看法影响更大。无论警察接触的频率如何，男性对警察积极意图的看法都是一致的，而女性的积极看法随着警察接触和受害经历的增加而下降，最终她们比男性同行对警察更加批评。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。