OBJECTIVE Although reciprocity between variables is a topic of interest in the field of criminology, we cannot simply assume that all or even most criminological relationships are bidirectional without testing them empirically. The objective of the current investigation was to test whether delinquency and antisocial cognition are reciprocally or bidirectionally related. HYPOTHESES The hypotheses evaluated as part of the present study proposed that antisocial cognition would predict delinquency, delinquency would predict antisocial cognition, and bidirectional models would display significantly better fit than the unidirectional models on which they are based. METHOD Using data from the Pathways to Desistance study (1,354 serious justice-involved youths), I explored whether antisocial cognition predicts delinquency and a change in delinquency and whether delinquency predicts antisocial cognition and a change in antisocial cognition. I paired two forms of antisocial cognition-moral neutralization and cognitive impulsivity-with delinquency to predict a single future outcome with a zero-order correlation and a lagged outcome or change with a partial correlation. RESULTS Findings showed that 40 out of 40 prospective zero-order correlations and 36 out of 40 prospective partial correlations achieved significance, with moderate and small effect sizes, respectively. Structural equation modeling revealed that the bidirectional models linking moral neutralization to delinquency and cognitive impulsivity to delinquency using lagged outcome measures both achieved significantly better fit than the unidimensional models on which they were based. CONCLUSION The results of this study are congruent with the conclusion that the relationship between antisocial cognition and delinquency is reciprocal and that antisocial cognition is as much a predictor of delinquency as delinquency is a predictor of antisocial cognition. Thus, both patterns need to be taken into account for the purposes of theory integration in criminology, clinical practice in forensic psychology, and policy implementation in criminal justice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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认知行为互惠：测试反社会认知与犯罪之间的双向关系。


目的虽然变量之间的互惠性是犯罪学领域感兴趣的话题，但我们不能简单地假设所有甚至大多数犯罪学关系都是双向的而不进行实证检验。当前调查的目的是测试犯罪和反社会认知是否相互或双向相关。假设 作为本研究的一部分进行评估的假设提出，反社会认知将预测犯罪，犯罪将预测反社会认知，双向模型将比其所基于的单向模型显示出更好的拟合度。方法 利用来自“终结之路”研究（1,354 名认真参与正义的青少年）的数据，我探讨了反社会认知是否预示着犯罪和犯罪行为的变化，以及犯罪是否预示着反社会认知和反社会认知的变化。我将两种形式的反社会认知——道德中和和认知冲动——与犯罪配对，以预测具有零阶相关性的单一未来结果和具有部分相关性的滞后结果或变化。结果 结果显示，40 个预期零阶相关中的 40 个和 40 个预期偏相关中的 36 个达到了显着性，分别具有中等和较小的效应大小。结构方程模型显示，使用滞后结果测量将道德中和与犯罪以及认知冲动与犯罪联系起来的双向模型均比其所基于的单维模型具有更好的拟合效果。 结论 本研究的结果与以下结论一致：反社会认知与犯罪之间的关系是相互的，反社会认知是犯罪的预测因素，正如犯罪是反社会认知的预测因素一样。因此，为了犯罪学的理论整合、法医心理学的临床实践和刑事司法的政策实施，需要考虑这两种模式。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。