With the prevalence of intelligent driving, the vehicular data corresponding to driving safety and traffic management efficiency is widely applied by the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) applications. Vehicular data is shared frequently in IoV, leading to privacy leakage of the message sender, yet most privacy-preserving measures bring difficulties for receivers to detect malicious messages. To trade-off between privacy and security, conditional privacy-preserving authentication (CPPA) solutions have been proposed. However, CPPA protocols deployed in IoV rely on hardware devices or center servers to manage key generation and updates. This paper proposed a blockchain-based CPPA mechanism for IoV data-sharing to mitigate these challenges. A hierarchical key generation mechanism is presented to protect drivers' privacy and authenticate messages which is suitable for resource-limited IoV nodes. Management nodes can issue temporary pseudo-identity (PID) from their keys for vehicles to interact in their area and trace the malicious behaviors, but know nothing about vehicles' activities outside their administration. A hierarchical and zonal blockchain is presented to realize distributed fine-grained IoV management and enhance efficiency concerning traditional blockchain. Specifically, we propose a cross-domain data-sharing mechanism, which can facilitate efficient communication and a mutual cross-domain chain verification to guarantee the security of each domain blockchain in our IoV system. The security analysis and performance evaluation demonstrate the security as well as computational and storage efficiency of our scheme.

中文翻译：

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基于分层分区区块链的有条件隐私保护高效分布式车联网数据共享方案


随着智能驾驶的盛行，与驾驶安全和交通管理效率相对应的车辆数据被车联网应用广泛应用。车联网中车辆数据频繁共享，导致消息发送者的隐私泄露，而大多数隐私保护措施给接收者带来了检测恶意消息的困难。为了在隐私和安全之间进行权衡，提出了条件隐私保护认证（CPPA）解决方案。然而，车联网中部署的 CPPA 协议依赖于硬件设备或中心服务器来管理密钥生成和更新。本文提出了一种基于区块链的 CPPA 车联网数据共享机制，以缓解这些挑战。提出了一种分层密钥生成机制来保护驾驶员隐私并验证消息，适用于资源有限的车联网节点。管理节点可以从其密钥中发出临时伪身份（PID），以便车辆在其区域内进行交互并追踪恶意行为，但对车辆在其管理范围之外的活动一无所知。提出分层、分区的区块链，实现分布式细粒度车联网管理，提高传统区块链的效率。具体来说，我们提出了一种跨域数据共享机制，可以促进高效通信和相互跨域链验证，以保证我们的车联网系统中每个域区块链的安全。安全分析和性能评估证明了我们方案的安全性以及计算和存储效率。