Renewable energy is the only viable way to effectively address the global challenges of energy crisis and climate change. Among different resources of renewable energies, artificial photosynthesis is considered as the potential candidate to mitigate both challenges simultaneously by converting solar energy into chemical energy. Hydrogen (H) energy is the first choice in the conversion and utilization of solar energy since it can be carried out at room temperature with the advantages of environmentally friendly and low-energy consuming. Up to now, numerous metallic-oxygen group semiconductors have been designed as photocatalyst to produce H from water under light irradiation. However, the conversion efficiency of solar energy to H energy is still very low, which is closely related to light absorption properties, electron hole separation, and surface reaction efficiency. Based on this, this review aims to summarize the strategies developed to improve the H production efficiency by photocatalytic water decomposition from the perspective of band structure regulation, photogenerated charges separation efficiency, and surface reactivity. Besides, the review highlights characterization methods involved in investigating and studying the photocatalytic mechanism trilogy. This review provides detailed understanding about designing photocatalytic systems and predicting the efficiency to researchers from different field of science. It also discusses that how to study the effective theoretical basis and analytical methods for selecting photocatalytic H production materials based on metallic-oxygen group semiconductors.

中文翻译：

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金属氧半导体系统在太阳能制氢方面的最新进展以及通过不同表征技术研究机制


可再生能源是有效应对能源危机和气候变化等全球性挑战的唯一可行途径。在不同的可再生能源中，人工光合作用被认为是通过将太阳能转化为化学能来同时缓解这两个挑战的潜在候选者。氢能可在常温下进行，具有环保、低能耗等优点，是太阳能转换利用的首选。迄今为止，许多金属氧基半导体已被设计作为光催化剂，在光照射下从水中产生H。然而，太阳能到H能的转换效率仍然很低，这与光吸收特性、电子空穴分离和表面反应效率密切相关。基于此，本文旨在从能带结构调控、光生电荷分离效率和表面反应活性的角度总结提高光催化水分解产氢效率的策略。此外，该综述还重点介绍了光催化机理三部曲调查和研究所涉及的表征方法。这篇综述为不同科学领域的研究人员提供了有关设计光催化系统和预测效率的详细理解。并探讨了如何研究选择基于金属氧基半导体的光催化制氢材料的有效理论基础和分析方法。