Phototherapy, referring to photodynamic/photothermal therapy, has been extensively validated to promote enhanced immunotherapeutic effects by stimulating tumor cell immunogenic death. Photoimmunotherapy has been persistently investigated to establish potent antitumor effects against primary and distant tumors, synchronously eliciting powerful immunological memory effects, thus ultimately preventing and eradicating rechallenged tumors. Phototherapeutic nanoagents play essential roles in ensuring the sufficient efficacy of photoimmunotherapy, which provides a flexible platform to integrate multifunctional types of phototherapy into a single platform. In particular, tailored nanoparticles are available to amplify tumor immunogenicity and to modulate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment simultaneously and spatiotemporally for the treatment of cancers. In this review, we summarized commonly adopted strategies to achieve enhanced cancer immunotherapies induced by conventionally designed phototherapeutic nanoagents. We also analyzed the immunotherapeutic performance and characteristics of phototherapy in detail. The manuscript implies our thoughts on the following aspects: directional design of photosensitizing agents, functional construction of nanomedicines, rational modulation of immunotherapy, and augmented phototherapeutic effects.

中文翻译：

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用于癌症免疫治疗的光疗纳米制剂


光疗法是指光动力/光热疗法，已被广泛验证可通过刺激肿瘤细胞免疫原性死亡来促进增强的免疫治疗效果。人们一直在研究光免疫疗法，以建立针对原发性和远处肿瘤的有效抗肿瘤作用，同时引发强大的免疫记忆效应，从而最终预防和根除再次发生的肿瘤。光疗纳米制剂在确保光免疫疗法的足够疗效方面发挥着至关重要的作用，它提供了一个灵活的平台，将多功能类型的光疗法整合到一个平台中。特别是，定制的纳米颗粒可用于放大肿瘤免疫原性并同时和时空地调节免疫抑制肿瘤微环境以治疗癌症。在这篇综述中，我们总结了常用的策略来实现由常规设计的光治疗纳米制剂诱导的增强癌症免疫疗法。我们还详细分析了光疗的免疫治疗性能和特点。该手稿暗示了我们对光敏剂的定向设计、纳米药物的功能构建、免疫治疗的合理调节和增强光疗效果等方面的思考。