Extreme fast charging (XFC) is one of the most direct means to improve the competitiveness of electric vehicles (EVs) against gasoline vehicles in terms of mileage covered per unit of time (including time to replenish power source). Solid-state batteries (SSBs) with high energy density are more capable of addressing the challenges of range anxiety and XFC safety than traditional lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, inadequate interfacial contact, lithium intrusion, and high tortuosity of Li/e transport limit the performance of SSBs at high current densities. In this review, we comprehensively explore the multi-layered mechanisms that restrict the XFC capability of SSBs and analyze possible attempts to enhance the acceptable charging current density. We also highlight the unique role of coupled strategies of state-of-the-art characterization techniques and numerical simulation, as well as intelligent charging protocols in addressing the XFC challenges for SSBs. In addition, we systematically summarise the latest achievements of battery companies in developing fast-charging SSBs. Finally, we present several potential strategies for the future development of fast-charging SSBs to alleviate range anxiety and realise the vision of EV ubiquity.

中文翻译：

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缓解里程焦虑：固态电池和极快充电


极速充电（XFC）是提高电动汽车（EV）相对于汽油汽车单位时间行驶里程（包括补充电源时间）竞争力的最直接手段之一。与传统锂离子电池（LIB）相比，高能量密度的固态电池（SSB）更能解决里程焦虑和XFC安全性的挑战。然而，界面接触不足、锂侵入和Li/e传输的高曲折性限制了SSB在高电流密度下的性能。在这篇综述中，我们全面探讨了限制 SSB 的 XFC 能力的多层机制，并分析了提高可接受的充电电流密度的可能尝试。我们还强调了最先进的表征技术和数值模拟的耦合策略以及智能充电协议在解决 SSB 的 XFC 挑战方面的独特作用。此外，我们系统总结了电池企业在快充SSB开发方面的最新成果。最后，我们提出了快速充电 SSB 未来发展的几种潜在策略，以缓解里程焦虑并实现电动汽车普及的愿景。