Chemical compounds in the environment, which exhibit toxic and genotoxic activity, increase the mutational pressure on biota. This study aimed to investigate the genotoxic, mutagenic, and toxic effects of water from the Ile River and the Kapshagai Reservoir, both sites of active economic activities. Cytogenetic analysis of bone marrow from mice exposed to water samples from the Ile River and the Kapshagai Reservoir revealed a statistically significant increase in aberrant (p<0.05) and polyploid cells (p<0.01), as well as a decrease in the mitotic index (p<0.001), compared to the negative control. The water samples caused statistically significant increases in single- and double-strand DNA breaks in cells across various organs in the experimental mice compared to unexposed animals (p<0.001). These observations suggest the existence of chemical compounds within the water samples from the Kapshagai Reservoir and the Ile River, which exhibit genotoxic, mutagenic, and toxic properties.

中文翻译：

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卡普沙盖水库（哈萨克斯坦）水对实验小鼠的细胞和基因毒性活性研究


环境中的化合物具有毒性和基因毒性活性，会增加生物群的突变压力。本研究旨在调查伊勒河和卡普沙盖水库（这两个经济活动活跃的地点）的水的遗传毒性、致突变性和毒性影响。对暴露于伊勒河和 Kapshagai 水库水样的小鼠骨髓进行细胞遗传学分析，结果显示异常细胞 (p<0.05) 和多倍体细胞 (p<0.01) 显着增加，并且与阴性对照相比，有丝分裂指数 (p<0.001)。与未暴露的动物相比，水样导致实验小鼠各器官细胞中的单链和双链 DNA 断裂显着增加 (p<0.001)。这些观察结果表明卡普沙盖水库和伊勒河的水样中存在化学化合物，这些化合物表现出遗传毒性、诱变性和毒性。