The ocean sustains ecosystems that are essential for human livelihood and habitability of the planet. The ocean holds an enormous amount of carbon, and serves as a critical source of nutrition for human societies worldwide. Climate variability and change impact marine biogeochemistry and ecosystems. Thus, having state-of-the-art simulations of the ocean, which include marine biogeochemistry and ecosystems, is critical for understanding the role of climate variability and change on the ocean biosphere. Here we present a novel global eddy-resolving (0.1° horizontal resolution) simulation of the ocean and sea ice, including ocean biogeochemistry, performed with the Community Earth System Model (CESM). The simulation is forced by the atmospheric dataset based on the Japanese Reanalysis (JRA-55) product over the 1958–2021 period. We present a novel configuration of the CESM marine ecosystem model in this simulation which includes two zooplankton classes: microzooplankton and mesozooplankton. This novel planktonic food web structure facilitates “offline” coupling with the Fisheries Size and Functional Type (FEISTY) model. FEISTY is a size- and trait-based model of fish functional types contributing to fisheries. We present an evaluation of the ocean biogeochemistry, marine ecosystem (including fish types), and sea ice in this high resolution simulation compared to available observations and a corresponding low resolution (nominal 1°) simulation. Our analysis offers insights into environmental controls on trophodynamics within the ocean. We find that this high resolution simulation provides a realistic reconstruction of nutrients, oxygen, sea ice, plankton and fish distributions over the global ocean. On global and large regional scales the high resolution simulation is comparable to the standard 1° simulation, but on smaller scales, explicitly resolving the mesoscale dynamics is shown to be important for accurately capturing trophodynamic structuring, especially in coastal ecosystems. We show that fine-scale ocean features leave imprints on ocean ecosystems, from plankton to fish, from the tropics to polar regions. This simulation also offers insights on ocean acidification over the past 64 years, as well as how large-scale climate variations may impact upper trophic levels. The data generated by the simulations are publicly available and will be a fruitful community resource for a large variety of oceanographic science questions.

中文翻译：

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从营养物到鱼类：全球 CESM-FEISTY 涡流海洋模型框架中中尺度过程的影响


海洋维持着对人类生计和地球宜居性至关重要的生态系统。海洋蕴藏着大量的碳，是全世界人类社会的重要营养来源。气候变异和变化影响海洋生物地球化学和生态系统。因此，对海洋进行最先进的模拟，包括海洋生物地球化学和生态系统，对于了解气候变率和变化对海洋生物圈的作用至关重要。在这里，我们提出了一种新颖的海洋和海冰全球涡旋解析（0.1°水平分辨率）模拟，包括使用社区地球系统模型（CESM）进行的海洋生物地球化学。该模拟是由基于 1958-2021 年期间日本再分析 (JRA-55) 产品的大气数据集强制进行的。我们在此模拟中提出了 CESM 海洋生态系统模型的新颖配置，其中包括两个浮游动物类别：微型浮游动物和中型浮游动物。这种新颖的浮游食物网结构有利于与渔业规模和功能类型（FEISTY）模型的“离线”耦合。 FEISTY 是一个基于大小和性状的鱼类功能类型模型，对渔业有贡献。与现有观测结果和相应的低分辨率（标称 1°）模拟相比，我们在此高分辨率模拟中对海洋生物地球化学、海洋生态系统（包括鱼类类型）和海冰进行了评估。我们的分析提供了对海洋内营养动力学环境控制的见解。我们发现这种高分辨率模拟提供了全球海洋中营养物、氧气、海冰、浮游生物和鱼类分布的真实重建。 在全球和大区域尺度上，高分辨率模拟与标准 1° 模拟相当，但在较小尺度上，明确解析中尺度动力学对于准确捕获营养动力学结构非常重要，尤其是在沿海生态系统中。我们表明，从浮游生物到鱼类，从热带地区到极地地区，精细的海洋特征都会在海洋生态系统中留下印记。该模拟还提供了有关过去 64 年海洋酸化以及大规模气候变化如何影响上层营养层的见解。模拟生成的数据是公开的，并将成为解决各种海洋科学问题的富有成效的社区资源。