Although immunization can dramatically curb the mortality and morbidity associated with vaccine-preventable diseases, vaccination uptake remains suboptimal in many areas of the world. Here, in this meta-analysis, we analysed the results from 88 eligible randomized controlled trials testing interventions to increase vaccination uptake with 1,628,768 participants from 17 countries with variable development levels (for example, Human Development Index ranging from 0.485 to 0.955). We estimated the efficacy of seven intervention strategies including increasing access to vaccination, sending vaccination reminders, providing incentives, supplying information, correcting misinformation, promoting both active and passive motivation and teaching behavioural skills. We showed that the odds of vaccination were 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.27 to 1.77) times higher for intervention than control conditions. Among the intervention strategies, using incentives and increasing access were most promising in improving vaccination uptake, with the access strategy being particularly effective in countries with lower incomes and less access to healthcare.

尽管免疫接种可以显着抑制与疫苗可预防疾病相关的死亡率和发病率，但世界许多地区的疫苗接种率仍然不理想。在这里，在这项荟萃分析中，我们分析了 88 项符合条件的随机对照试验的结果，这些试验测试了提高疫苗接种率的干预措施，涉及来自 17 个发展水平不同（例如，人类发展指数范围从 0.485 到 0.955）的 1,628,768 名参与者。我们评估了七种干预策略的有效性，包括增加疫苗接种的机会、发送疫苗接种提醒、提供激励、提供信息、纠正错误信息、促进主动和被动动机以及教授行为技能。我们发现，干预的疫苗接种几率是对照组的 1.5 倍（95% 置信区间，1.27 至 1.77 倍）。在干预策略中，使用激励措施和增加可及性在提高疫苗接种率方面最有希望，其中可及性策略在收入较低和获得医疗保健的机会较少的国家尤其有效。