Interspecific competition shapes bird species' distributions along tropical precipitation gradients,Ecology Letters

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Interspecific competition shapes bird species' distributions along tropical precipitation gradients
Ecology Letters ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2024-08-01 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.14487
Benjamin G Freeman ₁ , Eliot T Miller ₂ , Matthew Strimas-Mackey ₂

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The hypothesis that species' ranges are limited by interspecific competition has motivated decades of debate, but a general answer remains elusive. Here we test this hypothesis for lowland tropical birds by examining species' precipitation niche breadths. We focus on precipitation because it—not temperature—is the dominant climate variable that shapes the biota of the lowland tropics. We used 3.6 million fine‐scale citizen science records from eBird to measure species' precipitation niche breadths in 19 different regions across the globe. Consistent with the predictions of the interspecific competition hypothesis, multiple lines of evidence show that species have narrower precipitation niches in regions with more species. This means species inhabit more specialized precipitation niches in species‐rich regions. We predict this niche specialization should make tropical species in high diversity regions disproportionately vulnerable to changes in precipitation regimes; preliminary empirical evidence is consistent with this prediction.

中文翻译：

种间竞争塑造了鸟类沿热带降水梯度的分布

物种活动范围受到种间竞争限制的假设引发了数十年的争论，但普遍的答案仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们通过检查物种的降水生态位宽度来检验低地热带鸟类的这一假设。我们关注降水，因为它（而不是温度）是塑造低地热带生物群的主要气候变量。我们使用 eBird 的 360 万条精细公民科学记录来测量全球 19 个不同地区物种的降水生态位宽度。与种间竞争假说的预测一致，多种证据表明，在物种较多的地区，物种的降水生态位较窄。这意味着在物种丰富的地区，物种栖息在更专门的降水生态位中。我们预测，这种生态位专业化将使高多样性地区的热带物种特别容易受到降水状况变化的影响；初步的经验证据与这一预测是一致的。

更新日期：2024-08-01

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