Accompanied by the rapid development of ultrafast laser platforms in recent decades, the spatiotemporal manipulation of ultrashort laser pulses has attracted much attention due to the potential for cutting-edge applications of structured light, including optical tweezers, optical communications, super-resolution imaging, time-resolved spectroscopy in molecules and quantum materials, and strong-field physics. Today, techniques capable of characterizing the full spatial, temporal, and polarization state properties of structured light are strongly desired. Here, we demonstrate a technique, termed 3D TIPTOE, for characterizing structured mid-infrared waveforms, which uses only a two-dimensional silicon-based image sensor as both the detector and the nonlinear medium. By combining the advantages of the sub-cycle time resolution afforded by nonlinear excitation and the spatial resolution inherent to the two-dimensional sensor, the 3D TIPTOE technique allows full characterization of structured electric fields, significantly reducing the complexity of detection compared to other techniques. The validity of the technique is established by measuring both few-cycle Bessel–Gaussian pulses and radially polarized femtosecond vector beams.

中文翻译：

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少周期结构光脉冲的场分辨时空表征


近几十年来，伴随着超快激光平台的快速发展，超短激光脉冲的时空操控因其在光镊、光通信、超分辨率成像、时间成像等前沿应用中的潜力而备受关注。 -分子和量子材料中的分辨光谱以及强场物理。如今，人们强烈需要能够表征结构光的完整空间、时间和偏振态特性的技术。在这里，我们演示了一种称为 3D TipTOE 的技术，用于表征结构化中红外波形，该技术仅使用二维硅基图像传感器作为探测器和非线性介质。通过结合非线性激励提供的子周期时间分辨率和二维传感器固有的空间分辨率的优点，3D TIPTOE 技术可以全面表征结构化电场，与其他技术相比，显着降低检测的复杂性。该技术的有效性是通过测量少周期贝塞尔-高斯脉冲和径向偏振飞秒矢量光束来确定的。