If an apparently extinct bird calls in a forest, and there are people there to hear it-to record it, even-is it still extinct? The Ivory-billed Woodpecker was last 'officially' seen in the United States in 1944, but its extinction continues to be a subject of intense debate between conservation authorities, scientists, and grassroots activists. Tensions peaked around 2005, when scientists from the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology announced their rediscovery of the species. However, their evidence received significant challenge from other ornithologists, and this apparent rediscovery has since been generally dismissed. In 2021, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service recommended the ivorybill be declared officially extinct. Still, many people continue to trawl the Southeastern forests in search of ivorybills. In this article, I investigate the methods, debates, and results of efforts to locate this species, with a focus on sound. In doing so, I explore the interconnected roles of sound and space in the making of extinction knowledge. Sonic search methods of listening, sounding, and translating are core ways that searchers attempt to attune to, communicate with, and establish evidence of ivorybills. Additionally, sonic search practices are critical spaces of negotiation and contestation between different searchers, between searchers and ivorybills, and between searchers and skeptics. Ultimately, this article argues that sonic geographies affect the production of extinction knowledge, and vice versa-extinction knowledge making practices produce distinct sonic geographies.

中文翻译：

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聆听象牙嘴啄木鸟：声波地理学和灭绝知识的形成。


如果一只显然已经灭绝的鸟在森林里鸣叫，有人在那里听到它，甚至记录下来——它仍然灭绝吗？象牙嘴啄木鸟最后一次在美国“正式”出现是在 1944 年，但它的灭绝仍然是保护当局、科学家和草根活动人士之间激烈争论的话题。 2005 年左右，紧张局势达到顶峰，当时康奈尔鸟类学实验室的科学家宣布重新发现了该物种。然而，他们的证据受到了其他鸟类学家的重大挑战，这种明显的重新发现此后已被普遍驳回。 2021年，美国鱼类和野生动物管理局建议正式宣布象牙雀灭绝。尽管如此，许多人仍在继续在东南部森林中搜寻象牙喙。在本文中，我研究了定位该物种的方法、争论和结果，重点是声音。在此过程中，我探索了声音和空间在灭绝知识的形成中相互关联的作用。聆听、发声和翻译的声音搜索方法是搜索者尝试协调、交流和建立象牙嘴证据的核心方式。此外，声波搜索实践是不同搜索者之间、搜索者与象牙鸟之间以及搜索者与怀疑论者之间谈判和争论的关键空间。最终，本文认为，声音地理影响了灭绝知识的产生，反之亦然——灭绝知识的制作实践产生了独特的声音地理。