Biomolecular condensation, driven by multivalency, serves as a fundamental mechanism within cells, facilitating the formation of distinct compartments, including membraneless organelles that play essential roles in various cellular processes. Perturbations in the delicate equilibrium of condensation, whether resulting in gain or loss of phase separation, have robustly been associated with cellular dysfunction and physiological disorders. As ongoing research endeavors wholeheartedly embrace this newly acknowledged principle, a transformative shift is occurring in our comprehension of disease. Consequently, significant strides have been made in unraveling the profound relevance and potential causal connections between abnormal phase separation and various diseases. This comprehensive review presents compelling recent evidence that highlight the intricate associations between aberrant phase separation and neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, and infectious diseases. Additionally, we provide a succinct summary of current efforts and propose innovative solutions for the development of potential therapeutics to combat the pathological consequences attributed to aberrant phase separation.

中文翻译：

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任重而道远：根据相分离和相变重新思考疾病。


由多价驱动的生物分子缩合是细胞内的基本机制，促进不同区室的形成，包括在各种细胞过程中发挥重要作用的无膜细胞器。凝结的微妙平衡的扰动，无论是导致相分离的增加还是损失，都与细胞功能障碍和生理紊乱密切相关。随着正在进行的研究工作全心全意地接受这一新公认的原则，我们对疾病的理解正在发生变革。因此，在阐明异常相分离与各种疾病之间的深刻相关性和潜在因果关系方面已经取得了重大进展。这篇全面的综述提供了令人信服的最新证据，强调了异常相分离与神经退行性疾病、癌症和传染病之间的复杂关联。此外，我们对当前的努力进行了简要总结，并提出了开发潜在疗法的创新解决方案，以对抗异常相分离造成的病理后果。