Moutan Cortex essential oil (MCEO) is considered to be a promising botanical insecticide. However, like most oils, MECO has several limitations, including instability and poor solubility. Nanoencapsulation technology is an excellent strategy for stabilizing essential oils because of its controlled release, enhanced efficacy, and strengthened biological activity. The present study investigated the acaricidal efficacy of pure MCEO and its encapsulated nanoemulsion (NE) and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) against the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae using contact bioassays, fumigant bioassays, repellent bioassays, and the observation of toxic symptoms. MCEO-MSNs obtained in the study successfully encapsulated MCEO with an encapsulation efficiency of 63.83%. The acaricidal mortality experiments revealed that MCEO-NE and MCEO-MSN showed more significant toxicity against D. farinae than did pure MCEO. The nanomaterials showed better larvicidal and nymphicidal activities than pure MCEO at a high concentration (12-h LC₉₀). Notably, the repellent effect experiment showed that MCEO-NE and MCEO-MSN had long-term and stable repellent effects on D. farinae, indicating the sustained release and persistence of the nanomaterials. More toxicity symptoms were observed in the IM-type group than in the KD-type group, suggesting that the MCEO nanoparticles have adverse effects on the respiratory system. Nanomaterials and MCEO promoted superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in D. farinae. In addition, the binding sites of paeonol to SOD and AChE were found through molecular docking. These findings demonstrate the potential of MCEO as a biological acaricide, which merits further investigation.

牡丹皮精油（MCEO）被认为是一种有前途的植物源杀虫剂。然而，与大多数油一样，MECO 也有一些局限性，包括不稳定和溶解度差。纳米封装技术是稳定精油的绝佳策略，因为它可以控制释放、增强功效并增强生物活性。本研究通过接触生物测定、熏蒸生物测定、驱避生物测定和毒性症状观察，研究了纯 MCEO 及其封装纳米乳液 (NE) 和介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子 (MSN) 对屋尘螨Dermatophagoides farinae 的杀螨功效。研究获得的MCEO-MSNs成功封装了MCEO，封装效率为63.83%。杀螨死亡率实验表明，MCEO-NE 和 MCEO-MSN 对粉尘螨表现出比纯 MCEO 更显着的毒性。纳米材料在高浓度（12 小时 LC ₉₀ ）下比纯 MCEO 显示出更好的杀幼虫和杀蛆活性。值得注意的是，驱避效果实验表明，MCEO-NE和MCEO-MSN对粉尘螨具有长期稳定的驱避效果，说明了纳米材料的缓释性和持久性。 IM型组比KD型组观察到更多的毒性症状，表明MCEO纳米颗粒对呼吸系统有不良影响。纳米材料和 MCEO 促进粉尘螨中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性并抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶 (AChE) 活性。此外，通过分子对接找到了丹皮酚与SOD和AChE的结合位点。 这些发现证明了 MCEO 作为生物杀螨剂的潜力，值得进一步研究。