Transient, context‐dependent fitness costs accompanying viral resistance in isolates of the marine microalga Micromonas sp. (class Mamiellophyceae),Environmental Microbiology

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Transient, context‐dependent fitness costs accompanying viral resistance in isolates of the marine microalga Micromonas sp. (class Mamiellophyceae)
Environmental Microbiology ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2024-07-31 , DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16686
Anamica Bedi de Silva ₁ , Shawn W Polson ₂ , Christopher R Schvarcz ₁ , Grieg F Steward ₁ , Kyle F Edwards ₁

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Marine microbes are important in biogeochemical cycling, but the nature and magnitude of their contributions are influenced by their associated viruses. In the presence of a lytic virus, cells that have evolved resistance to infection have an obvious fitness advantage over relatives that remain susceptible. However, susceptible cells remain extant in the wild, implying that the evolution of a fitness advantage in one dimension (virus resistance) must be accompanied by a fitness cost in another dimension. Identifying costs of resistance is challenging because fitness is context‐dependent. We examined the context dependence of fitness costs in isolates of the picophytoplankton genus Micromonas and their co‐occurring dsDNA viruses using experimental evolution. After generating 88 resistant lineages from two ancestral Micromonas strains, each challenged with one of four distinct viral strains, we found resistance led to a 46% decrease in mean growth rate under high irradiance and a 19% decrease under low. After a year in culture, the experimentally selected lines remained resistant, but fitness costs had attenuated. Our results suggest that the cost of resistance in Micromonas is dependent on environmental conditions and the duration of population adaptation, illustrating the dynamic nature of fitness costs of viral resistance among marine protists.

中文翻译：

海洋微藻 Micromonas sp. 分离株中伴随病毒抗性的短暂的、与环境相关的适应性成本。（Mamiellophyceae）

海洋微生物在生物地球化学循环中很重要，但其贡献的性质和程度受到相关病毒的影响。在存在裂解病毒的情况下，已经进化出对感染的抵抗力的细胞比仍然易感的亲属具有明显的适应性优势。然而，易感细胞在野外仍然存在，这意味着一个维度（病毒抗性）的适应性优势的进化必须伴随着另一个维度的适应性成本。确定抵抗成本具有挑战性，因为适应性是依赖于环境的。我们研究了超微型浮游植物属分离株的适应度成本的环境依赖性微胞菌属以及使用实验进化的它们共存的双链DNA病毒。从两个祖先产生 88 个抗性谱系后微胞菌属我们发现，在高辐照度下，耐药性导致平均生长率下降 46%，在低辐照度下，平均生长率下降 19%。培养一年后，通过实验选择的品系仍然具有抗性，但适应性成本已经减弱。我们的结果表明，抵抗的成本小单胞菌属取决于环境条件和种群适应的持续时间，说明了海洋原生生物中病毒抗性的适应成本的动态性质。

更新日期：2024-07-31

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