Most Europeans reside in urban areas. Due to anthropogenic air and noise pollution, as well as crowdedness, urban residents experience lower levels of well-being and life satisfaction. The literature indicates that greening urban spaces can help to mitigate these negative effects on life satisfaction. This study employs a deep learning approach in conjunction with high-resolution satellite imagery and land use data to obtain the distribution of different green space types in the residents’ neighborhood and examine their effect on life satisfaction. Furthermore, the study sheds light on the indeterminate relationship between mixed urban land use and life satisfaction. In both cases, the study considers heterogeneous age group effects. The empirical results reveal that in Switzerland, (1) solely older residents’ life satisfaction is positively affected by a greener neighborhood; (2) trees and grass located in gardens and parks are the primary drivers of this effect; and (3) the positive association between land use mixture and life satisfaction decreases with age, with no association found for older individuals. These findings provide practical implications for future city planning in Switzerland and other European countries and highlight the importance of considering the neighborhood’s age distribution in this process to maximize the positive impact of urban greenery and mixed land use on residents’ life satisfaction.

中文翻译：

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城市绿化、土地混合利用与生活满意度之间的关系：利用遥感数据和深度学习进行检验


大多数欧洲人居住在城市地区。由于人为的空气和噪音污染以及拥挤，城市居民的幸福感和生活满意度较低。文献表明，绿化城市空间有助于减轻这些对生活满意度的负面影响。本研究采用深度学习方法，结合高分辨率卫星图像和土地利用数据，获取居民社区内不同绿地类型的分布情况，并检验其对生活满意度的影响。此外，该研究揭示了城市土地混合利用与生活满意度之间的不确定关系。在这两种情况下，该研究都考虑了异质年龄组的影响。实证结果表明，在瑞士，（1）只有老年居民的生活满意度受到绿色社区的积极影响； (2) 花园和公园中的树木和草地是这种效应的主要驱动因素； (3) 土地利用组合与生活满意度之间的正相关关系随着年龄的增长而降低，但对于老年人没有发现相关关系。这些发现为瑞士和其他欧洲国家未来的城市规划提供了实际意义，并强调了在此过程中考虑社区年龄分布的重要性，以最大限度地发挥城市绿化和混合土地利用对居民生活满意度的积极影响。